Muritani : Dartagol naatgol kolonyaal (1)

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1960

Jibinannde Afrik, Asii, Amerik latin, nde imperiyaal feeñi, naatani jiimde aduna oo kala, dartiima, haɓaa, haɓtii haa nde poolgu añɓe darni koloñaal e ɗeen leyɗeele. Jibinannde Muritani wonaani sara e ɗiin kareeli. Kono ndeen, nde tawnoo leydi men wonaa leydi ndentundi, ndi laamu ngootu, njiimaandi ngootiri, Muritaninaaɓe kaɓtorii ko ina ceerti, moni fof bannge mum e diiwaan mo wonnoo oo, no wonirnoo oon dumunna. E oon sahaa noon dowlaaji ɓurnooɗi yiytinaade ko ɗiiɗoo : Fuuta Tooro, Gooy, Emiraa Tararsa, Emiraa Barakna e Saahil.

Waalo Barak

Waalo Barak jeyanoo ko njiimaandi kaananke Jolof. Waalo Barak heɓi hoore mum tigi-rigi ko hakkunde hitaande 1550 e hitaande 1600. Oon sahaa tuubakiri fuɗɗiima naatde Senegaal, kompañiiji komersa (julaaɓe) en ngari ɗo Ndar ɗoo, ciiñci ɗoon, ina telloo e maayo Senegaal e nder laaɗe cuurki, na njeeya meyliis, jamɗe, suukara, sanngara, ñaaƴe ekn … na paggoo maccuɓe e kaŋŋe, kam e ñiiƴe ñiibi, ummaade Waalo Barak, ndewaa Fuuta Tooro haa njettoyo-ɗaa Ngalam (leydi Soninkooɓe). Oon jamaanu, nde wonde ɓe keƴaano tawo, naataani e miijo ardiiɓe leydi Farayse  dahde Senegaal e Muritani, alaa e sago ɓe njoɓa laamɓe ɗee leyɗe (Waalo, Fuuta, Tararsa, Ngalam) njoldi e kubbal.

Nde tuubakooɓe ngari tawi ko Waalo ina woni e jiiɓru mawndu :

Jiiɓru nder ngalu Waalo : maccuɓe ko murtuɓe, na caltii kalifaandi muusndi pawiindi e daaɗe mum en, na caltii ko konetee ina njeeyee tuubakooɓe koo. Nde tawnoo laamu nguu yowitinoo ko e kalifaandi (tuggi ndema, haa e awo haa heɓi ngaynaaka e kala golle nafooje), murtugol maccuɓe alaa e sago adda kiris (iiñcuru) e nder ngalu Waalo;

– Jiiɓru politik hakkunde laamu lorloowu ngu e ɓiɗtaaɓe ɓee ;

– Jiiɓru nder kinɗe tamɗe laamu nguu: mi siftina on ndeen, Barak, hono laamɗo Waalo, yaltata ko e galleeji tati : Loggaar, Joor e Teejekk. Jaagorɗe Barak kadi ko tati : Jogomay, Jawdiin e Malo.

Nde tawnoo laamu nguu naatnii ngalu ummortoongu e dokke tuubakooɓe, ɓe mbiy-ɗen ngalaa tawo doole, na njuloo, na njiɗi hisnude njulaagu mum en, na njeena, ndokka njoldi e kubbal, ɗum waɗi kareeli keewi hakkunde ɓiɗɓe galleeji laamotooɗi ɗii.

Fawtii e nduu iiñcuru, wolde mawnde na joli rewo, hakkunde safalɓe, wolde

(1644-1674) hakkunde seernaaɓe «Suwaaya» en e «Aarabeeɓe Hasan».

Waalo e Shaar Bubba

Shaar Bubba ko hare mawnde hakkunde safalɓe : hare laamu, hare njiimaandi Muritani.

Heen bannge ko seernaaɓe. Ardinoo ɓe ko ceerno biyeteeɗo Naseer Eddiin. Oya bannge ko Hasaan en. Nganndu-ɗen heen ko seernaaɓe ɓee tuugii ko e Lislaam, calii keeferaagu e ruggooji bonɗi ɗi Hasaneeɓe lorliri safalɓe heddiiɓe ɓee, kañum en e ɓaleeɓe. Seernaaɓe ɓee ina calii kadi njulaagu tuubakooɓe, nde tawnoo e ngu pertina njulaagu maɓɓe kamɓe e koye maɓɓe, njulaagu hakkunde leyɗeele ɓaleeɓe e Maruk. So ɗum ɓennii aɓe njiɗi dartinde ko laamɓe Waalo e Hasaan en konata maccuɓe na njeeya tuubakooɓe ko.

Oon dumunna Lislaam ummiima rewo fuɗɗiima naatde leyɗeele ɓaleeɓe, fedde juulɓe sosaama e Waalo (nde tuubakooɓe mbiyata Tubanan), tee, nde wonde seernaaɓe kuniima maa ngittu kongol maccuɓe in yeeya tuubakooɓe, ngitta lorla mo laamɓe pawi e Waalo, Waalo-waalo en jiimaaɓe, Waalo-waalo en peccii :

– ɓiɗtaaɓe, lorlaaɓe (maccuɓe e ko heewi e Baadoolo en) keeranii «Tubanan» e wondiiɓe mum en (hono seernaaɓe ɓe Naseer Eddiin woni tiitoonde mum en) ;

– laamɓe Waalo e kala ɓe nguurndam mum en yowitii e laamu lorla, keeranii Hasaan en.

Tuubakooɓe, nde tawnoo ina peertani nafooje mum en, nguuranii laamɓe Waalo e Hasaan en, mballitiri ɓe petelaaji, kure e conndi. E nder hitaande 1674, Naseer Eddiin waraa e wolde ɗo haɓtotonoo Heddi (jogorɗo wonde Emiir Tararsa). Lomto Naseer Eddiin timmuɗo saɗi dañde caggal makko. Ɗuum e geɗe goɗɗe (bayɗe no ballal tuubakooɓe Farayse, maccuɓe e Baadoolo en nootitinooɓe e makko), ngaddani Hasan en foolde seernaaɓe.

Jamfa Barak Yerim Kodde Mbooc na maantini e oon sahaa : caggal tuubgol makko, seernaaɓe e wondiiɓe mum en koolii mo, mbaɗi mo «Mbuur Jullit» (laamiiɗo juulɓe), jarabi ngalu naati mo haa tuubaako biyeteeɗo De Mudirinoo loowi mo mbonɗam, yeeni mo, seerndi mo e banndiiko en.

Gila tuubakooɓe paami luure hakkunde ɓiɗɓe galleeji laamotooɗi Waalo, ɓe ngoni e urɓude hakkunde majji ; ɓe mballita oo mbele ina hisnana ɓe faggudu maɓɓe, ɓe ŋaafta oogaa sabu hollitii won salaare. Pooɗondiral laamu gadanal ko hakkunde Beer Caaka e Yerim Mbañik, mo kaawoo mum biyeteeɗo ‘Malikuri’ wuuraninoo.

Fayndaare tuubakooɓe Farayse ko ɗaftude Hollanndee en e Engele en e nder Pooɗondiral hakkunde maɓɓe ngam jiimde Muritani e Senegaal e fooɗtande hoore mum, kañum tan, ɗawa heddiiɓe ɓee e kongol maccuɓe e faggaade ɗacce (1713 haa 1763).

Na jeyanoo e yiɗde maɓɓe heɓtude won kolaaɗe, ɓe ndema heen liiyeeji, simme  e gawƴe suukara ekn … Kono Orop no diidorinoo alaano ɗeen doole e oon sahaa, tee ɓurnoo heɓanaade Faraysenaaɓe ko duuɗe biyeteeɗe Antiiy, ɗe ɓe paggantonoo maccuɓe ɓaleeɓe, mbele ina ndemana ɓe .

Oon dumunna safalɓe Tararsa naatanii yiɗde yo Waalo jeye e njiimaandi mum en, alaa hankadi ko jolata ɗoon tawa ɓe tawtoraaka. Beer Caaka (mo Haggaar) adii laamaade ; kono Yerim Mbañik (mo Teedyekk), mo tuubakooɓe mballi haa laamii, fooli Beer Caaka nde hare hakkunde maɓɓe juutoynoo.

Winndannde aroore njokken e “Wolde ɗacce”

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Waalo Barak

Waalo Barak ko diiwaan kuufɗo yupporde maayo mawngo (maayo Senegaal) e nder geec, bannge hirnaange rewo Senegaal, saraaji Ndar. Waalo Barak jeyaa ko e diiwanuuji ummiiɗi e pusgu laamaandi wolof en mbiyeteendi Jolof e teeminannde ƳVI. Waalo Barak huufi ko huunde e rewo Senegaal kam e worgo Muritani. Laamorgo Waalo wiyetenoo ko Njurbel, wuro wonnoongo e worgo Muritani hannde o. Yimɓe hoɗɓe e Waalo mbiyetenoo ko Waalo Waalo en, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko Jolfuɓe ñiiɓɓe e koɗki mum en, walla Fulɓe eggiyaaɓe. Safaɓe seeɗa kadi ina tawetenoo ɗoon. Laamɗo Waalo wiyetenoo ko Barak. Hareeji keewɗi mbaɗii e leydi he, hakkunde galleeji laamotonooɗi, haa teeqti noon hakkunde galleeji tati : Loggaar en ɓe nganndu-ɗaa ko iwdi safalɓe, Dyoos en, iwdi Seereraaɓe e Tedyek en, iwdi Fulɓe. Leƴƴi ɓurɗi heewde e Waalo ko Jolfuɓe, Fulɓe, Soninkooɓe e Safalɓe Tararsa.

Waalo jaggiraa ko no mbootu ɗemngal e pinal jolfuɓe, caggal nde leƴƴi koɗnooɗi e diiwaan Njaajaan Njaay, mo Jolfuɓe ummii e mum oo. Hade makko arde ɗoon e diiwaan he, ina wiyee hoɗnoo ɗoon ko Seereraaɓe yetteteeɓe Ngom e Fulɓe Jawjawɓe : ɗum ko e sahaa laamaandi Ganaa walla Wagadu. Ina wiyee kadi helmere Barak ndee ummii ko e Baarka Boo Mbooc, lomtinooɗo Njaajaan Njaay. Woɗɓe mbiyi helmere nde ummii ko e Arab, e Baraku (woni Barke) woni ko waɗaa barke.

Rewɓe Waalo Barak ina nganndiranoo jaambaraagal; e ngoon yeeso, bartagol rewɓe Ndeer e hitaande 1820 ngam ruppaade kalifaandi ina heewi jangteede. Laamɗo Waalo hono Jommbot Mbooc (mo miñum biyeteeɗo Ndate Yalla lomtinoo) resondiriino e laamɗo Taraarsa en ñalnde 18 suwee 1833 to Daqana ngam aawde dañee hakkunde Waalo Waalo en e Taraarsa en. Ɓe ndañdi ɓiɗɗo biyeteeɗo Ely Jommbot, laamiiɗo Taraarsa tuggi 1878 haa 1886.

Ƴoogirde : Wikipédia