Njeenaaje Nobel : hooniiɓe 2021

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Hooniiɓe njeenaaje Nobel hitaande 2021
A combination image shows the eight winners of the 2021 Nobel Prizes in medicine, chemistry, physics and literature. From L-R, top-bottom are: medicine Nobel winners Ardem Patapoutian and David Julius; physics Nobel winners Giorgio Parisi, Syukuro Manabe and Klaus Hasselmann; chemistry Nobel winners Benjamin List and David MacMillan; and literature Nobel winner Abdulrazak Gurnah. Courtesy of Ardem Patapoutian and UCSF/Noah Berger/Handouts via REUTERS and REUTERS/Remo Casilli/Mike Segar/Fabian Bimmer/Wolfgang Rattay/Eduardo Munoz/Henry Nicholls/File Photos ATTENTION EDITORS - NO RESALES. NO ARCHIVES. MANDATORY CREDIT. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY.

Njeenaari Nehsuwal-selliwal : tingol wulɓuuɓdi (temperatiir) e memo.Hooniiɓe (rokkaaɓe) njeenaari Nobel Nehsuwal-Selliwal 2021, Ardem Patapoutian e David Julius. Ɓee ameriknaaɓe ɗiɗo keɓi njeenaari mum en ko altine 4 oktoobar. Ɓe ndokkiraa njeenaari ndii ko sabu geɗe ɓe njiyti, paamninooje no « ngaanndi neɗɗo » (ɗoo ko tippudi ɗaɗi tino : système nerveux) tinirta wulɓuuɓdi e memo (memgol). Jiyte maɓɓe ɗee mbaylii ko heewi, paamninii no « nguleeki e ɓuuɓol e doolal ummoriingal e kaɓirgal (walla masiŋ) mbaawirta addude pitte ngaanndiije, gaddanooje en tinde e wuurde he aduna hee », e wiyde ñaawooɓe Nobel ɓee. David Julius, jahroowo e duuɓi 65, jannginoowo to jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Los Angeles (UCLA), ko huunde wonnde he nder ñamoko, addanoore en tinde « cumam » (kaaɗeeki ñamoko), haa o yiyti he joofirɗe ɗaɗi tino hee, nokku tinoowo nguleeki oo. Ardem Patapoutian, duuɓi 54 noon, jannginoowo to duɗal njiylawu Scripps to Kaliforni, huutorii ko celule tinooje ñoƴƴere, ngam yiytude fedde nokkuuji goɗɗi jaabtotooɗi doolal masiŋeewal nder nguru e terɗe nderiije.

Njeenaari ɓalliwal. Rokkaa ndii njeenaari ko nganndineeɓe tato (3), hono Syukuro Manabe (duuɓi 90), Klaus Hasselmann (duuɓi 89) e Giorgio Parisi, ñalnde 5 oktoobar 2021. Haralleeɓe ɗiɗo ko faati e baylagol geɗe weeyo, hono Syukuro Manabe Ameriknaajo heen, Sapponnaajo heen, e Almaañnaajo Klaus Hasselmann, yantude e Itaalinaajo biyeteeɗo Giorgio Parisi, miijiyanke Tippule Ɓalliije Ɗuuɗe (des systèmes physiques complexes).

Manabe e Hasselmann, wiɗtooɓe ko faati e meteyoo, ndokkiraa njeenaari ko sabu golle mum en paatuɗe e tijjagol ɓeydagol nguleeki weeyo Leydi men ndii. Manabe waɗii wiɗtooji garwani he kitaale 1960 paatuɗi e geɗe gaddooje « seer » kollirooje wonde tolno keeweendi CO2 (gaas karbono) he nder weeyo ine jotondiri e ɓeydagol nguleeki dow leydi men. Almaañnaajo Hasselman kañum rokkiraa njeenaari ko sabu makko tafde kuutorɗe ganndal gaddanɗe yimɓe waawde tijjaade geɗe weeyo.

Njeenaari keddiindi ndii rokkaa ɗum ko M. Parisi, (duuɓi 73) sabu golle paatuɗe he miijanteendi tippule ɗuuɗe.

Wayliwal : kuutorgal kesal tafgol molekile

Rokkaa njeenaari wayliwal ko Almaañnaajo biyeteeɗo Benjamin List e Biritaannaajo David MacMillan sabu golle maɓɓe ngam tafngo kuutorgal kesal peewnirgal molekile (molécules).

So artii e coñce, rokkaa njeenaari ndii ko Tansaninaajo binndoowo defte biyeteeɗo Abdul Rasak Gurnah, lollirɗo deftere mum tiitoriinde Paradise (1994) sabu jangtol mum « laaɓtungol ngol moggaani hay huunde, paatungol he baɗte njiimaandi koloñaal kam e baɗtane mooliiɓe hakkunde pine e doŋe », e wiyde ñaawooɓe njeenaari ndii. Golle makko njiidaa e « jangti gaadoraaɗi tee ine uddita gita men haa paamen tigi tigi Afrik Fuɗnaange, mo anndaaka no moƴƴi he nder nokkuuji keewɗi he winndere hee ». Gurnah jibinaa ko 1948 to duunde Sansibaar. O ari moolaade to Laamaandi-ndentundi ko he kitaale 1960.

Rokkaa njeenaari jam ko jaaynooɓe ɗiɗo, hono debbo biyeteeɗo Maria Ressa e Riisinaajo biyeteeɗo Dmitiri Muratof, sabu « darnde maɓɓe e cuusal maɓɓe wonande wellitaare haala », tawi ɓe kulaani kasoo, ɓe kulaani haɗeede haalde, ɓe kulaani bonniteede e aybineede. Hooniiɓe ɗiɗo ɓee « ndaranii ko denndaangal jaaynooɓe daraniiɓe ndee yiɗde nder aduna ɗo demokaraasi e wellitaare to bannge jaaynde ngollotoo he caɗeele ɓeydotooɗe bonde ñalnde kala ». Maria Ressa, duuɓi 58, jeyaa ko he sosɓe e hitaande 2012, tammborde limnere jaayndiyaagal ngam haɓaade njulaagu dorog to leydi Filipiin. Dmitri Mouratov noon jeyaa ko he winndooɓe sosɓe jaaynde Novaïa Gazeta, « wootere he jaayɗe jaambureeje ɗe keewaani he leydi Riisi, dartiinde piggal laamu ».

Rokkaa Njeenaari Nobel faggudu ko yimɓe tato « adduɓe miijooji kesi paatuɗi he jehre liggey, kolliti hol binndanɗe baawɗe fooɗteede he jarribooji nguurndam », e wiyde ñaawooɓe ɓee. Jarribooji nguurndam ko « wiɗtooji ƴoogooji binndanɗe he kewuuji politik e faggudu ngam hoolkisaade jooɗte (hypothèses) nder dente yimɓe goodɗe ».

Bookara Aamadu Bah

Dental Dowlaaji Amerik (DDA) e njeenaari Nobel

Hikka, he nder 13 heɓɓe njeenaari Nobel ndii, heen njeetato (8) ko ameriknaaɓe. Keeweendi maɓɓe heen Ine waawi faamraade moƴƴugol janngirɗe maɓɓe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e waawde Amerik fooɗtude annduɓe winndere ndee kala.

Gila njeenaari ndii fuɗɗii rokkeede he hitaande 1901, DDA heɓii heen 400 galaŋ, Ndenndaandi Ndentundi (« Angalteer ») heɓi heen 138 (fat !), Almaañ 111 galaŋ.

Ardem Patapoutian, iwdi Liban e Armeni, Ameriknaajo kadi, gooto e heɓɓe njeenaari selliwal hikka ɓee wiyi « miɗo yetta sabu ndañ-mi he ndii leydi koo ». E yettii no feewi Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Kaliforni ɗo o janngi, ɗo o jannginta kadi. Kippu e jannginooɓe ngalɗoo duɗal kam e leydi Farayse no diidorinoo poti galaŋuuji keɓi, sibu kippu oo dañii 70 galaŋ Nobel, Farayse 71 galaŋ…

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