Duɗal ɗemɗe ngenndiije : Tonngoode yamiroore cosgol duɗal ngal, ko 79.348/PG/MEFS ñalnde 12/10/1979. Duɗal ngal ina foti yuɓɓinde e renndinde e ƴellitde denndaangal wiɗtooji ciyneteeɗi feewde e ɗemɗe ngenndiije fof. E ndii mbaydi, golle duɗal ngal ko heblude naatgol ɗemɗe Pulaar, Sooninke et Wolof e nder jangde leslesre e heblude jannginooɓе e wallifaade defte. Ƴeewde jangde nde ko naamnii to bannge geɗe memotooɗe e to bannge ngalu.
Anndude kadi nafooje potɗe wonde e kuutoragol ɗemɗe ɗe to bannge jangde leslesre, e kumpitade geɗe jokkondire e faggudu e liggeey ekn…
Heblo : Duɗal Ɗemɗe ngenndiije heblii ko ɓuri 500 jannginoowo e diisneteeɓe e horooɓe e nder ñalɗi juɓɓinaadi to « ENI » e nder jiilirde diiwanuuji wonande jangde leslesre nder nokku heblo duɗal ngal kadi ɗoo e Nuwaasot, hakkunde 1980 e 1999. Ngal huufii 52 duɗal jarriborgal (66 jannginirdu) kuutoriiɗe Pulaar, Sooninke, e Wolof hono ɗemɗe gadane to Tararsa, Barakna, Gorgol, Gidimaka, Asaaba, Nuwaasoot, Nuwaadibu e Tiriis Semmur : hakkunde 1982 e 1988 duɗe 14 arab ɗo e Nuwaasoot, to Rooso e Kayhayɗi mbaɗti janngude Pulaar, Sooninke e Wolof hono ɗemɗe ɗiɗaɓe. Jaagorɗo nehdi ngenndi waɗii fotde 109 jannginoowo e les hjiimaandi Duɗal Ɗemɗe Ngenndiije.
Caggal heblo juutngo, tuugiingo e humpitooji leyɗeele catiiɗe en, jarribagol ɗemɗe ɗe fuɗɗii ko e oktoobar 1982 e nder duɗe 12 wonande doge garwane. Limmoore duɗe ɗee yettiima 52. Ɗe tawetenoo ko e diiwanuuji Tararsa, Barakna, Gorgol, Gidimaka, Asaaba, Nuwaasoot, Daaklet Nuwadibu, Tiris Semmuur. Huufnoo ɗeen duɗe ko 109 jaggal, hakkunde jannginooɓее diisneteeɓe karallaagal jangde e goomuu rewindo ekn…
Jangde ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee tabitii e daawe garooje ɗee :
1982-1988. Ɗemɗe ngenndiije Pulaar, Sooninke e Wolof njannginaama no ɗemɗe garwaniije nii, ɗe njanngiraama denndaangal fannuuji e nder duuɓi jeegom jangde lesre ɗii kala. Arab janngiraa no ɗemngal diɗmal nii.
Tuggi 1984 haa 1985 : Pulaar e Sooninke e Wolof janngiraama no ɗemɗe ɗiɗme nii e nder duɗe amudɓe janngooɓe Arab (sukaaɓe aaraɓeeɓe) e nder huunde e janngirɗe, nder 14 duɗal e nder Nuwaasoot e Rooso e Kayhayɗi.
Hakkunde 1988 e 1999 : Nde almudɓe duɗe ɗemɗe ngenndiije njettii rogere kawgel e hitaande 1988, Jaagorɗo Nehdi e Jangde felliti haaɗtinde jarribo ngoo e jangde lesre. Hujja dokkaaɗo oo, ko caɗeele kaalis, e karallaagal e laabi sariya ngam naatnude jangde ɗemɗe ɗee e jangde hakkundeere.
Caggal ngol ɗoo baklitagol, peewnitte garooje ɗee mbaɗaama : Wonande duuɓi ɗiɗi gadani ɗii, jangde ndee fof waɗetee ko e ɗemɗe ngenndiije Pulaar, Sooninke e Wolof. E hitaande ɗiɗmere ndee, ɗemngal diɗmal ngal (Arab walla Farayse e fawaade e ko jinnaaɓe almudɓe ɓee cuɓii, fawaade e jiilotoongol jaagorɗo) naatnee tawa ko e jantagol tan e lebbi tati cakkitiiɗi ɗii. E hitaande tataɓere ndee, ɗemngal diɗmal ngal (Arab walla Farayse) mbaɗta janngeede e binndol.
Tuggude hitaande 4ɓere jangde ndee tuugii ko e eggugol gannde, ɗum woni ummaade e ɗemngal muuynangal hono D1 (Pulaar, Sooninke e Wolof) feewde e ɗemngal diɗmal hono D2, ɗemngal jannginirgal e nder duɗe hakkundeeje (suɓotoo ɗemngal diɗmal ngal, hono Arab walla Farayse, ko jinnaаɓе almudɓe ɓee, gila e hitaande ɗiɗmere). Hiisa (matematik) jokka e janngireede ɗemɗe muuynaaɗe. Ina foti teskeede wonde, tuggi hitaande 4ɓere ndee, ɗemɗe gadane ɗee ina ngonta fannuuji :
– Ɗemɗe ɗiɗme ɗee (Arab/Farayse) ngonta ɗemɗe jannginirɗe mbele heblude jangde hakkundeere ndee. Loowdi tuugnorɗe e kaɓirɗe jangde kuutorteeɗe e duɗe jarriborɗe ɗee ko ngootiri, ko kayri huutortee e jangde aadoraande ndee e nder duɗe leslese ɗee. Kono tan defte taro ɗee ɗacciraa ko Duɗal Ɗemɗe Ngenndiije, tee ɓuri heewde e mum en ko tinndi e daari. Waktuuji jangde ɗii nanndi e waktuuji jangde aadoraande ndee.
Ɓeto : Biro diiwaniiwo UNESCO to Ndakaaru (BREIDA) e goomu karalleewu Jaagordu Nehdi e Jangde Muritani ɓetii golle DƊNG laabi keewɗi:
- Ɓeto BREIDA
Ɓeto BREIDA adano, tuggi 23 noowaamburu haa 3 deesaamburu 1981, yowitinoo ko golle peewtuɗe e heblo jarribo ngoo. Ɓeto ɗiɗmo waɗi ko e marse e abiriil. Ngo yowitinoo ko e njeñtudi jarribo ngoo, caggal jangde duuɓi ɗiɗi. Ina jeyaa e geɗe ɗe jarribo ngoo teskii :
- « To bannge haala e binndol golle ɗe ina njuumti »;
- « Yiɗde sukaaɓe ɓe ɗemɗe mum en e jangde nde ina teskini”. « loowdi jangde ndeе, e fawaade e tolnooji ɗii, alanaa sukaaɓe caɗeele e oo ɗoo tolno » ;
- « Jannginooɓе ɓе ina pelliti, tee e goonga ina njiɗi ƴellitaare jangde ndee e ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee » ;
- “Jinnaaɓe sukaaɓe ɓe ina njogii softeende mawnde e jangde duɗe jarriborde ɗee »;
- « Hakindo garwugol e jangde hee tolniima e 82,10% nder nokkuuji dowri e 93,15% e nder nokkuuji hakkunde dowri e teeru, e 81,52% e nder nokkuuji teeru »
- « Ŋakkeende rewindo karallaagal jangde ndee, rokkude himme e sahtaade e kala sahaa defte jannginirɗe ɗee, ɓeydude jeeyngal feewde e renndo ngoo, rokkude himme e keblitaagol jannginooɓe ina foti daraneede » :
- « Goomu BREIDA wasiyiima nde jangde leslesre ndee yuɓɓitintee, sabu teskaade ngonka leydi ndii to bannge politik e coftal e faamamuya renndo ngoo jaɓde kuɓtidingol jangde ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee ».
- Ɓeto goomu karalleewu jaagorɗo Jangde e Nehdi.
Nguu ɗoo goomu toɗɗaa ko rewrude e ɗerewol sarwiis t°00668 /MEN/28/01/1988. Ngu golliima e kitaale 1988 e 1989 e jarribo e jangde ɗemɗe ngenndiije. Tonngol goomu ngu ko nii siforii :
« So eɗen njaɓi wonde cenagol jangde walla kenogol njuɓɓudi jangde ndee ; eɗen mbaawi tonngude, e kuuɓal wonde humpito ɗemɗe pulaar, Sooninke, Wolof e kuuɓal e nder jannginirɗe ɗee e dow ɓeto goomu nguu ina heewi faayiida sabu şantaas peewal ngal tolniima e 61% wonande edda ɗemɗe gadane ɗee e 71% wonande edda Arab njuɓɓudi ngaadanteeri mbaɗi “Pulaar, Sooninke e Wolof ɗemɗe dimme ».
E gaynirde goomu nguu ina wasiyoo to bannge laawɗingol » Ƴettugol sariyaaji laawɗinooji e juɓɓinooji jangde ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee ».
Wiɗto
Duɗal Ɗemɗe Ngenndiije daraniima wiɗto feewtungo e ɓamtugol ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee. Golle ɗe Duɗal ngal daraninoo mbaɗdaa ko e eɓɓooji dendaaɗi e leyɗeele hirnaange Afrirk kuutortooɗe ɗemɗe men ɗee (Mali, Senegaal, Gine Konaakiri, Gine Bisao, Burkina Faso).
Eddaaji ɗemngal (Calti) : wiɗtooji to bannge calti e nder demngal baɗaaɗi tuggi 1983 haa 1984 e ballondiral e ɗemdiyankooɓe Mali e Senegaal, ngaddanii Duɗal ngal yaltinde deftere calsalti wonande ɗemɗe tati ɗee kala (Pulaar, Soninke, Wolof).
Firo kelme : Defte kelmeendi muulama hakkunde 1981 е 1999. Ɗe njowitii ko e fannuuji garooji ɗii : Jangde, hiisa, siyaas yiyngo, celluka e ɗemdiyankaagal, daartol e ganndal nokku, kelmeendi sato janngirɗe, politik e ñaawoore, njuɓɓudi laamu, cellal e senaare, nehngo ekn…
Firo winndaango (lexicographie) : Tuggi hitaande 1984 haa 1998 Duɗal Ɗemde Ngenndiije daraniima heblude caggitorɗe wonande demngal kala : Pulaar, Sooninke, Wolof. E hitaande 1999, nde golle Dudal Ɗemde Ngenndiije ndartinaa ndee, goomuuji caggirtorɗe ɗemɗe tati ɗii tawi ngoɗɗoyiino e golle. Ɗee golle naftoraama e duɗe jarriborɗe hee, e nder sarwisaai cellal, e nehngo, e ndema, е wiɗto jaaɓi-haaɗtirde (jannginooɓe, wiɗtooɓe, sanɗaaji) e pelle pine ekn. Ciftinen wonde golle Duɗal Ɗemɗe ngenndiije dartinanoo ko e hitaande 1999 caggal mbayliigu Tippudi Nehdi e Jangde Mauritani mbattanu (sariya 99.012 mo 26 abriil 1999). Duɗe jarriborɗe battindiiɗe uddi ko e hitaande 2005. Ina foti heɓtineede Dudal ngal golliima golle ceedtinɗe keewɗe nafoore wonande jangde ɗee ɗoo ɗemɗe.
Wasiyaaji
Caggal nde pelle pine ngenndiije Pulaar, Sooninke e Wolof kolliti yiyannde mum en e peeje mum kuftodinɗe wonande tippudi nehdi e Jangde kesiri, caggal nde njuurnitii njeñtudi golle Dudal Ɗemde ngenndiije, eɗe mbasiyoo :
Ciynugol mbayliigu nguu
Tabitingol mbayliigu Tippudi Nehdi e Jangde kala foti waɗireede ko daawe, ɗooftoo daawe jangde ndee. E nder ɗuum, ina moƴƴi tuugnorgal golle deɗɗingal lelnee, potngal rewde ɗee daawe :
- Keblugol jannginooɓe
- Binndugol loowdi binndanɗe
- Cuɓagol peeje e sifaa jangde
- Keblugol kaɓirɗe jangde jannginirɗe e
- Hoolkiso tolno arwano (jarribo adano) e nder duɗe seeɗa (5 haa 10)
- Jarribo huftodinngo walla mbiyen tabitingol (nder 40 haa 50 ekkol)
- Kuftodingol mbayliigu nguu
- Horo njeñtudi walla seedantaagal kuftodinngal kollitoowal ɗo jangde ndee yuumti, ɗo nde yuumtaani, ɗo waɗi kaɗooje ekn…
Sababuuji majjum njuurnitee, ko foti e ɗo waawi ooñteede, ooñtee. Gootal e ɗee daawe kala ina foti yahdude e ɓeto e cafrugol ŋakke teskaaɗe, hade daawal dewngal heen ummaneede.
Kuule ɗoftooje
Kuule kuftodinɗe ngam juumtugol nguu mbayliliigu ina sokli yahdude e ngonka kuuftodinka keniika, ɗo ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee ndokkitaa faayiida mum en, haa ɗe mbaawa huuɓnude darnde majje tiri rigi, so tammbaade pinal e waawde ƴellitde joom mum en to bannge renndo. Ɗum ɗoon noon ina ɗaɓɓi nde doosde leydi ndii mbaɗtata ɗemɗe ɗee kala ɗemde gollorɗe e njuɓɓudi laamu.
Lornoo mbayliigaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii kala ko ŋakkeende walla baasgol woodde sariya, caabingol geɗe kaawniiɗe (kuftodinngol keñorangol, faamamuya mo moƴƴaani, ŋakkeende horo e seedantaagal ekn) potɗe safrireede sariya laɓɓitinoowo dennndaangal daawe ciynugol mbayliigu nguu, kam e korgol mum e rewindo mum.
Feere yettaande ngam sompude ndii Tippudi Nehdi e Jangde maa waɗtu denndaangal ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee ɗemɗe laawɗinaaɗe, gollorɗe e njuɓɓudi laamu, ɗemɗe janngirɗe.
To bannge firo, “ɗemngal ngenndiwal ko demngal ngal leñol jeyangol e leydi ndii haalata, ɗemngal jongingal doosɗe, kuutorteengal e tippundi nehdi e jangde, e nder njuɓɓudi laamu ».
Kuule tabitɗe ngaddanooje oon sariya tabitineede haa timma, sabu yiɗde potal e nuunɗal :
- Kala kaaloowo ɗemɗe ɗiɗi ngenndiije ina foti hiisoreede ɗiɗ-ɗemdiijo.
- Farlinde e kala foksineer laamu teeɗaniiɗo golle laamu, toowde mbaawka ɗemɗe ɗiɗi ngenndiije ko famdi fof kam e ɗemngal koɗal gootal.
- Hirjinde heew-ɗemɗaagal
- Laamu ina foti ƴettude kuule tabitɗe mbele ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii kala ina mbaawa janngude ɗemɗe keewde.
- Naatnude ɗemɗe ngenndiije pulaar, sooninke e wolof e nder Jangde hakkundeere e toownde, ɗe njanngiree heen no fannuuji nii ;
- Naatnugol ƴeewndo ɗemɗe ngenndiije nder denndaangal kawgelaaji jangde huftodinnde e jangde fannuuji.
- Dokkitgol seedanteeje ɗemɗe ngenndiije e joomirde tolno jangde kala. Hakkeeji ɗeen seedanteeje ko gooti wonande ɗemɗe pgenndiije ɗee kala (Arab, Pulaar, Sooninke,Wolof).
- Udditgol doge jangde ɗemɗe ngenndiije e nder duɗe heblo (ENI; ENS, ENA, ekn) kam e doge haralleeɓe firo to ENA e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde.
- Sarwisaaji firo e ɗemɗe ngenndiije cosee e tolnooji njuɓɓudi laamu kala.
- E nder duɗe gaggaaji huutoraade ɗemɗe nehniije tan ngam newnude heblo sukaaɓe.
Goomu mbayliigu Jangde Goomu mbayliigu Tippudi Nehdi e Jangde ina foti wonde goomu nduumiingu mbele e ngu waawa wadde golle maggu no haanirta nii, ngu toppitoo: -miijaade – Ardinde miijo – huufde – betde – safrude Terde maggu ina poti siggeede no moyyi, mbele e ngu wona goomu njuumtungu.
Kuule cariiɗe
- Denndaangal peeje cakkitanooɗe ngam wallitde Jangde Arab ina poti ƴettiteede e ñaasteede ngam wallitde kuftodingol Jangde ɗemɗe ngenndiije e nder tippudi nehdi e jangde. Denndaangal duttorɗe njuɓɓudi laamu ina poti fireede e nder ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee kala mbele ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii ina mbaawa huutoraade ɗum en so coklii.
- Denndaangal alluuje jamminooje laamu maa mbaɗe binndi e ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee kala.
Wadaa ko he Nuwaasoot ñalne 11 feebariyee 2011
Pelle Pine Ngenndiije
- Fedde Ɓamtaare Pulaar e Muritani, tonngoode yamiroore 000542/MINT/SAB,4 Suwe 1976.
- Fedde Ƴellitgol Ɗemngal e Pinal Sooninke e Muritani KK: 009/MINT, 3 Soonink Mars 1978.
- Fedde Ƴellitgol Ɗemngal Wolof e Muritani KK : 1482/MINT/DAP, 2 deesaamburu 1980
Fulo : Bookara Aamadu Bah