Ɓoggol Africa Coast to Europe (ACE) walla mbiyen ɓoggol Daande maayo Afrik feewde Orop, biyangol taƴii ngol, jokkondiri ko leyɗe 24 afriknaaje e Orop. Sosiyatee toppitiiɗo ngol oo ina waɗi 19 tergal. Fotde 400 miliyoŋ neɗɗo ina ceŋii e maggol beƴ (wonande leyɗe jiimɗe maayo ɗee), walla rewrude e jokkondire njoorndi wonande leyɗe jookiiɗe (ko wayi no Mali e Niiseer). Ɗeeɗoo leyɗe garooje ko e maggol puɗɗii seŋaade e ɓoggol giiɗal : Gine hakkundeejo, Gammbi, Liberiyaa, Muritani, Saawo Tome-e-Perensipe, Siyera Leyon.
ACE renndini ko gollooɓe telekom e leyɗe baɗɗe jawdi mum en heen ɗee. Nanondiral ACE siifaa ko ñalnde 5 suweŋ 2010. Ɓoggol ngol fuɗɗii gollaade ko ñalnde 15 desaambar 2012 ; ngol hurmbitaa ko ñalnde 19 desaambar to Bañnjul. Njuuteendi maggol ko 17 000 km. Ɓutteendi ɓoggol ngol ko hedde santimeeteruuji 5. A ngol waawi nawde 5,12 Tb/leƴ. Won e nokkuuji, luggeendi ɗo ngol lappii ɗoo ko hedde 6 km nder ndiyam. Yolli ngol ko laaɗe Alcatel Submarine Networks e Orange Marine.
Ko e hitaande 2010 Muritani felliti jeyeede e eɓɓaande ACE mbele ina seŋoo e ɓoggol ACE ngol, ngam waɗtude heɓde enternet no haanirta nii. Ɓoggol ngol tuggi ko Gabon haa Farayse, rewri Kamaruun, Niiseriyaa, Beneŋ, Togo, Gana, Koddiwaar, Liberiya, Siraa Leyoon, Gine Konaakiri, Gine Bisaawo, Senegaal, Gammbi, Kapweer, Muritani, Espaañ, Purtugeec, Farayse.
Njaru maggol ko 680 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Ƴeeŋrude (Point d’atterissement) Nuwaasoot ndee ko 25 miliyoŋ dolaar jari. Gila nde ngol fuɗɗii gollaade e hitaande 2012, kattanɗe waraango ƴeeŋrude Nuwaasoot ndee ko 40 Gb/leƴ (ko idii ɗuum ko 1 Gb/lƴ fat wonnoo).
Laamu Muritani, rewrude e Mauripost, kam e pelle 3 telekom Muritani ɗee (Mattel, Mauritel e Chinguitel) e golloowo keeriiɗo goɗɗo ndenti cosi dental golle ine wiyee IMT (International Muritania Telecom). Ko ngalɗoo dental golle naatir-ɗen ACE. Ko kanngal yiilita ƴeeŋirde Nuwaasoot ndee. Sosɓe IMT ɓee ndenndini 25 miliyoŋ ngam feewnude ƴeeŋrude Nuwaasoot ndee. Mauripost addi 35%, Mauritel 25% ; Mattel 20% ; Chinguitel 15% ; e golloowo keeriiɗo goɗɗo 10%.
Ɓoggol giiɗal
Jokkorgol ɓoggol giiɗal waɗi ko neldowel giiɗal e keɓɓotoongel giiɗal, leeɓol giiɗal ina jokkondiri hakkunde mum en.
Leeɓol giiɗal waɗi ko korwe ɗiɗi weer ummiiɗo e oogaande wiyeteende silis : korwal ɓurngal famɗude ngal ina lommbii e ɓurngal mawnude ngal. Ɓurngal famɗude ngal woni ɓernde ndee ; ko e maggal caafal annoore loowngal kabaruuji ɗii rewrata. Korwal mawngal ngal, ko coomgal kuuringal e tokosal ngal ; ko kanngal ɗowata annoore ndee (so annoore ndee saytii e maggal ruttoo refta bolol, woni ɓernde ndee).
Korwe ɗiɗi ɗee ina mbaɗanee kadi kuurngal goɗngal dalli ngam hisnude fof : « ɓernde + coomgal ». Kuurngal ngal nafata tan ko soomde, alaa golle e nawgol annoore ndee.
Leeɓol giiɗal goƴngol en ngol, tekkeendi mum (hakkundol mum) ko 9 µm (mikoro meeteruuji 9). Hakkundol coomgal ngal ko 125 µm. Tekkeendi leeɓol sukundu ko hakkunde 50 haa 100 µm. Ɗum firti ko leeɓol giiɗal e coomgal ngal e kuurngal ngal fof so ndenndii, tekkeendi mum en ɗeɓata yerondirde ko e tekkeendi leeɓol sukundu. Ɓernde leeɓol giiɗal ndee, leeɓol sukundu ɓuri ɗum tekkude laabi 5 haa 10, ndeke ina famɗi no feewi !
Mbeelu (spectre) njuuteele wempeƴƴo (longueurs d’ondes) ina feccoo e pecce tati : heen feccere ko mbeelu ngu yiyotaako tolnondirnde e caafal dow-wiyolee, (Ultra-violet) heen feccere ko mbeelu njiyotoongu tolnondirngu e noorɗe/goobuuji timtimol, feccere heddiinde ndee ko mbeelu ngu yiyotaako tolnondirngu e les-boɗewol (infra rouge). Ko nguuɗoo mbeelu ngu yiyotaako (lesboɗewol) toɗɗii laylayti giiɗal. Keɓe ɗee ndewrata ko e njuuteele bempeƴƴe 1310 nm (tellagol) kam e 1490 nm (ŋabbugol) nguuɗoo mbeelu lesboɗewol.
So meeteer feccaama :
- – laabi milyaar rokka : 1 nm (nanomeeteer)
- – laabi miliyoŋ rokka : 1 µm (mikroomeeteer)
- – laabi ujunere rokka : 1 mm (milimeeteer)
Giiɗawal (Optique)
Ko ganndal ɓalliwal toppitiingal ko faati he annoore e yiyngo kam e geɗe toɗɗiiɗe caafe jogiiɗe huunde nannduɗe e annoore (caafe les-boɗewol, dow-wiyolee, bempeƴƴe daɓɓe, dow-hitooji, ustoron ekn…). So artii e yiyngo, ɗum ɓuri toɗɗaade ko peewnugol e njeeygu kuutorɗe giiɗal (lone peewnitooje, mawninorɗe, lonngorɗe, mikoroskopaaji ekn).
Bookara Aamadu Bah
