Kuɗol Aamadu Malal GEY
1. Naatirdi
Yeewtude ko fayti e « jasporaa » (caragol nder winndere) Fulɓe nder tan hojomaaji 20 wonaa ko weeɓi. Maa en eto seerndude mbaydiiji uujooji Fulɓe, cifo-ɗen kuccanɗi majji, njaltinen caɗe jowitiiɗe heen . E wattan, maa en eto firde batte to bannge faggudu, to pinal e to bannge renndo, uujooji ɗi njogii e renndooji iwdi maɓɓe.
Ngam yiɗde haa paamondiren e haala, ina moƴƴa kawren e miijo no Fulɓe njiyri uujooji e fergooji.
Eɗen kawri fergo firata ko dillere yimɓe ummiiɓe e nokku mum en, koɗoyi nokku goɗɗo. To ganndal neho-jawdi, ɗum firata ko nde kullon uujata ngam yahde to mbaawata jibinoyde, maa dañde ko ñaami e ko njari. Fulɓe noon ndenndini ko ɗee geɗe ɗiɗi fof, yimɓe e jawdi.
To bannge daartol, « jasporaa » firata ko caragol ɓesngu Yahuuden nder winndere adii-daartol ngam dogde caɗeelɗ Firawnaen pawnoo e maɓɓe. Nde konngol ngol yaaji, ngol firata e raɓɓiɗinaare ko caraagol ɓesngu yimɓe nder winndere.
Gila dawaa dawi, Fulɓe ko durnooɓe tan. So aɓe uuja maa aɓe pera, ko galle fof maa leñol fof yahata, ɓe njiyloyoo ñaamirɗe jawdi, e ndiyam, e ɗo mbuubon mbonkon e nayi ngalaa. Keeri laamateeɗi gadani e dowlaaji kesi ngoƴaano ɓe.
Ndeke ferde jeyaa ko e pinal Fulɓe. Ko ɗum tagi ɓe saraade nder Afirik, kono nokku heen fof mo ɓe ngari, ko ɓe seeɗa, ɗum tagata ɓe heewde jaggireede ko ɓe « hoɗɓe » ɓe njeyaaka e leydi.
2. Yaakaare iwdi Fulɓe
« Fulɓe » woni helmere toɗɗotoonde leñol yimɓe nehooɓe jawdi, mbiyata koye mum en. « Pullo » woni teelo « Fulɓe ». Ɗum firata so en pawiima e ɗaɗol celluka helmere nde, « ful » ko huunde hesere, sosaande. Ko heen konngol « pul » seekaa (ina hesɗi pul). Hoɗdiiɓe Fulɓe hawasankooɓe , e aarabeeɓe, e haalooɓe engele, mbiyata ɓe ko « Fulaani ». Manndinkooɓe Senegammbi mbiyata ɓe ko « Fula ». Safalɓe Muritani mbiyata ɓe ko « Takariir » (hoɗɓe Tekuruur). Aɓe mbiyee kadi « Haalpulaaren » (haalooɓe ɗemngal pulaar) to worgo Muritani e to rewo Senegaal (Fuuta Tooro), to diiwaan Ñooro nder leydi Mali e to leydu Gine mo Konaakiri.
Ɗemngal Fulɓe, « pulaar » maa « fulfulde » e hoore mum ina heewi kam ne no innirtee, fawaade e nokku mo ɓe koɗi. Haalooɓe ɗemngal engele toGammbi, to Siyera Lewon e to Niijeriya, keewi wiyde ngal ko « fula ». ToMaasina nder Mali, to Niijeer, to Cad, to Kamruun, ngal heewi wiyeede ko« fulfulde ». Angal darjiri « pulaar » to Muritani, to Senegaal, to Mali, to Gine, to Burkina Faso.
Ɗemngal pulaar/fulfulde ɓooyii janngeede. Ngal ɓamii winndeede gila e nder teeminannde 18ɓiire. Ɗum telɓi nde koloñaal naati diiwaan o. E oon tuma, seernaaɓe e ɗemngal arab ina mbinndatnoo ɗemngal ngal e huutoraade alkule arab, ɗum woni « Abajada Ajami». Ko e hitaande 1966, fedde UNESCO toɗɗii e kuuɓal «Alkule Bamako» wonande ɗemɗe Afirik ɗee kala. Ko ɗee «Alkule Bamako» kuutortee hannde nder leyɗe ɗo pulaar/fulfulde haalatee.
Denndaangal limere Fulɓe ina millee hakkunde Miliyoŋaaji 6 haa 19. Baŋ-yoo-baŋ e nder jookli Afirik, ngonka maɓɓe e darnde maɓɓe e sifaa maɓɓe ina waylodoo e nokku mo ɓe koɗi. Ina jeyaa e ɗo wiɗtooɓe Fulɓe kawri to bannge iwde mum en : ko ɓe leñol durnooɓe jawdi (teeŋti e nayi) ummiiɓe e « semiten » gile e adii-daartol jeereende Sahara hedde duuɓi 1800 ko adii jibineede Iisaa (A.J.I). Ngol leñol adorii ferde ko ummaade fuɗnaange-rewo feewde hirnannge, ɓe ndewi Tiripoliteen, ɓe taƴti jeereende Sahara. Caggal ɗuum ɓe takkii maaje Senegaal e Joliba (Nijeer) aɓe ɗaɓɓoya nguura jawdi maɓɓe, haa ɓe njettoyii saraaji Weendu Cad, fayi Adamawa (rewo Kamruun) haa e nder Darfuur.
E wiyde ɓee wiɗtooɓe, Fulɓe ko e dental hakkunde « semiten » e leñƴi ɓaleeɓe gila yonta Misira gadano, refti heen ko Berbeeren e ɓaleeɓe Tekuruur gila yonta Nammandiiru. Hade maɓɓe ferande fuɗnaange, Fulɓe njillondiri e leñƴi Sooninkooɓe ɓe laamaandi Wagadu, e Wolofen e Seereraaɓe.
3. Wertaango koɗki Fulɓe
Wertaango koɗki Fulɓe ina jeyaa e ɓurɗi yaajde. Ɗemngal maɓɓe ɓuri ɗemɗe Afirik ɗee fof yaajde wertaango hay sinno ngal ɓuraani heewde haalooɓe. Haalooɓe fulfulde/pulaar ina millee e miliyoŋaaji 15, e fawaade e yuurnito BREDA waɗi e hitaande 1985. So ɗemɗe Afirik ɗee fof njoƴƴinaama, ko ngal nayaɓal caggal Hawsa e Kiswahili (miliyoŋaaji 40 haalooɓe gootal heen fof), e Yoruba (miliyoŋaaji 20,5 kaaloowo).
Ɗo ɓuri teskinde ɗo pulaar/fulfulde haalatee ko leyɗe Saahal, gila Muritani e Senegaal haa Suudaan e Somali. Ɗum firti ko nder jeejegol Saahal, gila maayo Fiiltiingo Atalantik haa Maayo (Geej) Woɗeewo, ɗo ndiyam mbelɗam tawatee, ɗo heewi huɗo moƴƴo e jawdi, ɗo mbuubon mbonkon e nayi ngalaa. Ko ɗum tagi ganndo mawɗo, taani men Aamdu Hampaate Bah siforaade « ɓee yahooɓe ɓe tampataa, ummiiɓe ɗo hay gooto anndaa, ardiiɓe cefe mum en nayi, fay ɓe ɗo hay gooto annda ina niyloyoo ndiyam, e huɗo e ɗo mbuubon ngalaa ! ».
| Leyɗe | Haalooɓe | Ngonka | Jaŋde |
| Beneŋ | 217.000 | Jaajngal | |
| Burkina Faso | 444.000 | Jaajngal | Wiɗto |
| Kamruun | 1.200.000 | Jaajngal | Wiɗto |
| Santarafirik | – | Nokkuwal/galleeji | |
| Gambi | 114.000 | Jaajngal | Jaŋde arwaniire |
| Gaana | 25.000 | Nokkuwal/galleeji | |
| Gine Bisaaw | 108.000 | Nokkuwal/galleeji | Wiɗto |
| Gine Konakiri | 2.120.000 | Jaajngal | Jaŋde arwaniire/Wiɗto |
| Mali | 1.918.000 | Jaajngal | Pelle / Wiɗto |
| Muritani | 308.000 | Jaajngal | Arwaniire / Pelle / Wiɗto |
| Nijeer | 482.000 | Jaajngal | Arwaniire / Wiɗto |
| Nijeriya | 4.120.000 | Jaajngal | Ɗiɗmere / Wiɗto |
| Senegaal | 1.236.000 | Jaajngal | Humpito / Pelle / Wiɗto |
| Siyera Lewone | 63.000 | Nokkuwal/galleeji | |
| Somali | – | Nokkuwal/galleeji | |
| Sudaan | – | Nokkuwal/galleeji | |
| Cad | – | Nokkuwal/galleeji | Wiɗto |
| Togo | 21.000 | Nokkuwal/galleeji |
Ɗemngal fulfulde / pulaar ko ɗemngal renndo to Muritani, to Senegaal, to Gammbi, to Gine Konakiri, to Mali, to Burkina Faso, to Niijeer, to Benin, to Niijeriya, to Kamruun. Angal haalee nder leyɗe goɗɗe nder nokuuji keniiɗe maa nder galleeji tan (ƴeewee alluwal dow ɗoon ngal).
No wertaango ɗemngal fulfulde/pulaar wayi nih yaajde, ko noon pulfule ɗee mbayi heewde, ɗe caɗtinaani ngal, kono ɓeydi ko alɗinde ngal. Eɗen mbaawi tonngude peƴte ɗiɗi pulfule : Pulfule Hirnaange e Pulfule Fuɗnaange. Pulal heen fof ina soomi nder mum pulfule ɗe ngaddiin mum en fawii e koɗki mum en. Mo fulfulde/pulaar wonaa ɗemngal mum neeniwal (muynangal), waawataa seerndude ɗe.
Ko ɗee Pulfule fof ndenti ngoni ɗemngal pulaar, maa fulfulde. Ko ɗe ɗemgnal gootal ngati aɗe nanondira e ko ɓuri heewde. Alaa heen ɓurngal keddiiɗe ɗe, so wonaa to keeweendi haalooɓe. Hannde o, wiɗtooji ina mbaɗee, mo woni kala e pulfulal ngal haalata ngal, ko adii nde kawraten e pulfulal coñce ngal yimɓe fof potata huutoraade.
Natal timmitoore 1 ngal, ina holla no Fulɓe carorii nder duunde Afirik. Nataltimmitoore 2 ngal eyɓinta ko caragol ɗemngal pulaar. Pulfule goɗɗe ina cariinder duuɗe jookiiɗe haa fulɓe puɗɗii naattude e leñƴi koɗdiiɗi. Ko hono noon pulfule nder Denndi (rewo lesdi Beneŋ) e pulfule rewo lesdi Santarafirik. Ɗemɗe koɗdiiɗe mbaylii kelmeendi maɓɓe alɗiri heen, kono kadi ɗum wayli doosɗe celluka maɓɓe.
Ngam yerondirde ɗemɗe Afirik, BREDA winndii wonde « ɗemɗe 23 ko ɗemɗe jaajɗe nder lesɗe ɗiɗi haa ko ɓuri. Ɗemngal fulfulde ina yaaji nder lesɗe sappo (10), kiswahili yaaji ko nder lesɗe jeegom (6), mandinka ne ko nder lesɗe jeegom (6). Ɗemɗe noogaas (20) keddiiɗe ɗe njaaji tan ko nder lesɗe nay (4) ».
4. Mbaydiiji fergooji Fulɓe
Uujooji maa fergooji njeyaa ko e pinal Fulɓe, pulaagu pawiingu e kaataneTeddungal Ganndal Dañal. So suka Pullo yiɗii yettaade ɗee kaatane, alaa-e-sago o yiyloyoo ɗum nder lesɗe goɗɗe. So suka Pullo fuɗɗiima naatan’de cagataagal mum tan, muuyete yiyde aduna. E nder pinal Fulɓe, Ñalli wuro wonaa neɗɗo teddinteeɗo.
Pullo ina haɓɓii e jawdi mum, ina waɗɗii mo anndude ndi, o faama kala maale kalhaldi maa kuunaali yummaawe nayi. Reenata ngal ganndal ko mawɗoganndiraaɗo « Arɗo », ganndal keɓangal e ɗanle. Ɗum tagi, ɗannanaadeganndal ko huunde waɗɗiinde kala ɓiyɗo Pullo.
Nguurndam Pullo fof fawii ko e Pulaagu mum. Ko ardii fof, Pulaagu ko darnde hollitoore sifaa Pullo, sifaa taƴtoowo keeri lesɗe e mbayligaaji nguurndam makko. Eɗen mbaawi wiyde Pulaagu ko nehsu nehooɓe jawdi. Pulaagu noddi ko jikku, noddi ko muñal, ballowal roondaade kala caɗeele keptotooɗe. Pulaagu noddi kadi ko salaade semteende, wonde jankiniiɗo teddinoowo hay gaño mum. Pulaagu noddi e wattan ko hakkille, deentotooɗo, jamyamo, moƴƴo, jaajɗo. Oo jikku waɗi Pullo jaggireede neɗɗo nuggaro, mo heewani hollirde ko woni e ɓernde mum.
Ndeke noon ko oo jikku yalti e kaatane Teddungal e Ganndal e Dañal. Reenata « Teddungal » e « Ganndal » ko « Dañal ». Pullo mo alaa jawdi, pulaagu mum ina ŋakki. Pullo ko neɗɗo mo yiɗaa fawaade e yimɓe woɗɓe, hay ko fayti e nguura mum.
Yoorooji jolɗi tuggi kitaale 1970, kam e caɗeele kuule ndernderi lesɗe uujo, addani nguurndam Fulɓe waylaade. Ɓe ngonti diiƴɓe nder gure, kono ɗum ittaani muuyaaɗe maɓɓe yiɗde ɗannaade.
5. Kucce fergooji Fulɓe
En njiyii uujooji Fulɓe pawii ko e ñamru jawɗeele maɓɓe. Ko Arɗo yamirta nde eggatee e to tiindatee. Ko e oo yah-ngartaa Fulɓe carii nder jeejegol Saahal fof, gila Fiiltiingo Atalantik haa Geej Boɗeejo.
Fergo Fulɓe ɓurngo teskinde wattano, joli ko hakkunde teeminanɗe 16ɓiire e 20siire. Diine lislaam addani Fulɓe diƴde e nder gure cahe. Ɓe ndaranii yaajnude diine Lislaam nder kareeli Jihaadi. Ɗum jibini laamateeɗi kesi ko wayi no dowla Diina mo Usmaan Dan Foodiyo to rewo Niijeriya, dowla Laamiiɗo to rewo Kamruun, laamaandi Maasina e laamaandi Tekuruurnaaɓe to Hamdallaay nder leydi Mali, dowlaaji Almameeɓe to Fuuta Jaloŋ e to Fuuta Tooro, dowlaaji lismeeji to Gaabu, e ko nanndi heen (ekn).
Kalifaandi kolñaal ari. Jeytaare refti heen. Ɗum jibini fergooji kesi. Fullo nattii yiylaade ɗo jawɗeele mum ndañi ko ñaami. E nder kitaale 1970, durnatnooɓe mbaɗtii sooraade « leyɗeele dunli » kam duuɗe keddiiɗe, ko jiydaa e Afirik tan.
Hannde o, Fulɓe ina tawee e nder winndere hee kala, aɓe njiyloyoo ganndal maa dañal. Ɗum jibini « feranɓe faggudu » kam e « feranɓe ganndal ». Fulɓe ɓe ɗii mbaydiiji ɗiɗi uujooji ina tawee nder Afirik,e nder Orop e nder Amerik e nder Asi.
5.1. Nder lesɗe Afirik
Nder Afirik Hakkundeejo, Fulɓe ummiiɓe Afirik Hirnaange ina tawee :
- to Gabon haa teeŋti e wuro Liberiwiil kam e Poor Sentiiy
- to Kamruun, haa teeŋti e sahre Duwala
- to Santaarafirik, haa teeŋti e cahe Banngi, e Buwaar, e Karno, e Berberati
- to Konngo, haa teeŋti e Barasawiil e Ponte Nuwaar
- to Konngo RDC, haa teeŋti Kinshasa.
Fulɓe ummiiɓe Afirik Hirnaange wonɓe e leyɗeele, ɓuri daranaade ko njeeygu e njulaagu kaŋŋe. Kamɓe e koye maɓɓe aɓe ngasoya kaŋŋe, so ɗum alaa ɓe ngona hakkunde asooɓe e soodooɓe jooɗiiɓe Afirik Worgo e Belsik.
Aɓe njokkondiri hakkunde maɓɓe nder pelle « jokkere enɗam », ballooje yimɓe sokluɓe : ñawɓe maa ɓe caɗeele keɓtii, hoɗɓe arɓe, ekn Yeru Fulɓe Gabon ummiiɓe Mali e Gine e Muritani e Senegaal, ko yeru ceedtinɗo. Aɓe keewi bismaade naalankooɓe Fulɓe ngam wuurtinde pinal maɓɓe e coñce maɓɓe.
5.2. Nder lesɗe arabeeɓe e ɗe Asi
Naatde ɓe law e diine Lislaam addani Fulɓe jotondirde law e lesɗe Aarabeeɓe, teeŋti e leydi Misira, ɓe njahi toon janngoyde maa jannginoyde. Hannde o, Fulɓe ina toon njanngina nder duɗe toowɗe bayɗe no Al-Aɗhaar to sahre Misira (Al-Ŋaahira), kam e duɗe diine lislaam goɗɗe to Riyaad e to Makka. Ndeke ɗo ko « feranɓe ganndal ».
To lesdi Libi e to lesɗe Toggere (Golfe), Fulɓe toon ko «feranɓe faggudu» doganɓe « petrodollaar ». Ɓe gollaade ko e ko wayi no « polis » e «duwaan», aɓe ngona kadi gollooɓe nder galleeji. Woɗɓe ngontii toon julaaɓe.
Aɓe ndenti ɗoo kadi nder pelle pine e jokkere enɗam. Yeru mum ko Fedde Jaŋde e Pinal to lesdi Koweyti.
To Asi hirnaange-worgo, Fulɓe toon njahri ko njulaagu e jaŋde. Ɓe ɓuri hirjude ko to lesdi Maleesi e to Indoneesi. To Maleesi, ɓe cosii toon fedde ina wiyee Fedde Jokkere Enɗam.
5.3. Nder lesɗe Orop e ɗe Amerika
Ɗannagol feewde leyɗeele Orop fuɗɗii ko nde kalifaandi maɓɓe e lesɗe natti. Janngooɓe Fulɓe ɗannanii leydi Farayse e Purtogaal e Engele. Lesɗe Afirik biyetenenooɗe ngenndiyankooje ko wayi no Mali e Gine Konaakiri e Gine Bisaaw neldi janngooɓe nder lesɗeele Orop Fuɗnaange, hono URSS, Poloñ, Rumaani e RDA, ekn…
Nde ɓalal Berlin yani, winndere wonti senngo wooto, adunayankeewal kalal geɗe karallaagal e faggudu udditi dame lesɗeele hoore-jawdiije, ko wayi no USA e Kanada. Hannde o, annduɓe mawɓe Fulɓe ina njannga ina njanngina nder duɗe maɓɓe toowɗe.
Ina toon «feranɓe ganndal» e « feranɓe dañal ». Nguurndam maɓɓe toon seertaani e ferɓe woɗɓe wonɓe toon, woni heen wontuɓe gollotooɓe katpat ɓe ƴiiƴam mum em siiɓatee.
Aɓe ndenti e nder pelle pine e jokkere enɗam, e pelle ɓamtaare jowitiiɗe e jiyduɓe gure maa diiwanuuji. Ina e ɗee pelle Kawtal Janngooɓe pulaar e winndere, e ko ɓooyaani, catal Orop Tabital Pulaagu International to sahre Paris.
Kono, ɗee lesɗe ñiiɓnii kuule kese paytuɗe e uujooɓe. Ɗum tagi ɓe waɗtude ferande Kanada e USA. To lesɗe Amerik, Fulɓe njeytoraama e duɗe toowɗe, e duɗe wiɗtoooji e muulngo defte. E hitaande 2000, Pullo Muritaninaajo wallifiima saggitorde Pulaar-Engele. O wiyatee ko Mammadu Ñaŋ, yeru potɗo ñemmbeede.
6. Batte fergooji Fulɓe
Fergooji Fulɓe hannde noon ina njogii batte teskinɗe nder lesɗeele maɓɓe. Yo won ko « feranɓe faggudu » maa ko « feranɓe ganndal ». Kamɓe fof ko ɓe ɗanniiɓe, wiyaa ɓe ngontii « jaspora ».
6.1. Batte maɓɓe to faggudu
E kuuɓal, ɗanniiɓe ina ngadda balle teskinngal e booñuuji leyɗe Saahal. Ngalu ceede ɓe ngaddanta lesɗe maɓɓe ummoraade e lesɗe ɓe uujani ina keewi faayiida, ko miliyoŋaaji-miliyoŋaaji.
Ɗanniiɓe alɗuɓe nder leyɗe goɗɗe keewi rufde ngalu mum en ko e mahdi, maa ko fayti e «otelaaji», e golle mawɗe ko wayi no mahde «gudoroŋaaji» laabi, kuɓeeje mawɗe, ekn
Dente maɓɓe e pelle maɓɓe keewi jogaade ko mbaydi jiyduɓe gure maa diiwaan. Ɓee wiyateeɓe «jaspora» ina ngadda ceede e rewrude tuugnorɗe lelnaaɗe. Sahaaji, ko e ñaagunde ɓe njettinaa, ko wayi no :
- soodde kaɓirɗe janngirɗe sukaaɓe
- mahde cafrirɗe, uddooji
- mahde maa mahtaade jumaaji, laabi
- soodde « lehe-naange » gaddooje yiite
- siynude eɓɓaaɗe gaddugol ndiyam mbelɗam e yiite nder gure ladde
- reende sato
6.2. Batte maɓɓe to renndo e to pinal
Golle mawɗe ciyneteeɗe nder lesɗe ɗanniiɓe ina noddi ɓe tigi. Yeru mum ko uddooji Manantali e Jamaa dow maayo Senegaal. Ɗii uddooji maa ngaddu, puɗɗiima addude mbayligaaji nder nguurndam ɓesnguuji daande maayo (ko fayti e jey-kolaaɗe, to cellal ɓesnguuji, ekn.). Ɓe puɗɗiima gila ko ɓooyi yuɓɓude nder dente ngam teskaade ko ɗii uddooji ngaddanta ɓe.
E fawaade e gure, maa diiwanuuji, maa leñƴi , ɗanniiɓe ina mballa ɗanniiɓe woɗɓe hesɓe arɓe tawi ɓe :
- nder leyɗeele Afirik Hakkundeejo, so ɗanniiɓe hesɓe ngarii, ɓooyɓe ɓe ina toota ɓe ceede (kaalis) ko ɓe puɗɗorii golle,
- nder leyɗeele ƴellitiiɗe (Orop e Amerik), ɗanniiɓe ɓooyɓe ina mballa hesɓe no ndañiri kaayitaaji mum en
- jooɗiiɓe toon ɓe, ina mballa heddiiɓe mbele ina ngabboo ɗum en.
Ina arana ɗanniiɓe resde toon nder leñƴi goɗɗi. So ɓe ngartii gaay nder gure maɓɓe, aɓe totteede debbo goɗɗo yo ɓe ndes, denɗiraaɗo addee tawa debbo « laddanke o ». Heewi reftude heen ko caɗeele hakkunde makko e rewɓe makko.
Ɗanniiɓe ina ngadda kadi sifaa nguurndam ɗam woowaaka to cuuɗi maɓɓe (to ñamuru, waɗde fooyre ko gorko e debbo e ɓiykon mum en, ekn.). Nder gure maɓɓe ɗum ina jibina caɗeele goɗɗe ngati fooyre ko yimɓe galle fof, ɓadiiɓe e woɗɗuɓe.
Toon to ɓe uujani, ɗanniiɓe ina etoo uujnude pinal mum en. Aɓe njahndira hakkunde maɓɓe, aɓe njuɓɓa nder pelle, aɓe noddondira hakkunde maɓɓe, aɓe mnismoo naalankooɓe, wammbaaɓe e awluɓe nder galleeji maɓɓe ).
Toon to lesɗe uujo, ɗanniiɓe e galleeji mum en ina kawra e caɗeele pinal, ngati weeɓanaani ɓe yejjitde pinal maɓɓe, ɓe naŋtoo e pinal toon, no neɗɗo ɓooroowo wutte mum ɓoornoo goɗɗo :
- nguurndam toon ko teelngal, neɗɗiwal
- caɗeele nanondiral ngati ɗemɗe ɗe njiydaa
- caɗeele pine nder galleeji ngati aadaaji ngonaa gootum (gaddingol rewɓe, kareeli hakkunde debbo e jom-galle mum, dewle baawnaaɗe ).
Jaŋde sukaaɓe danniiɓe fawii ko e tuugnorɗe jaŋde lesdi ɓe ngoni. Ɗum ina addana ɓe caɗeele so ɓe ngartii lesdi maɓɓe.
7. Toongol
To toongol, eɗen teskoo fergooji Fulɓe mbayliima nder teeminanɗe keewɗe deggondirɗe. Ɓe ngonnoo ko durnooɓe ɓe njiɗaa waalo njeedaa jeeri, rewɓe e jawɗeele mum en ina njiylonoo ɗum en ko ñaami. Ɓe ngontii seese-seese «feranɓe faggudu e ganndal ». Refti heen ko mbayligaaji nder nguurndam maɓɓe ngoowaɗam, refti heen ko batte maantinɗe e iwdi maɓɓe.
Ina waɗɗii daraniiɓe pelle pine e ɓamtaare wallude jeeyngal ballowal reende balle ɗanniiɓe mbaawata addande gure mum iwaaɗe. Siynata ngal ballal ko haralleeɓe jeeyngal e pelle ɗanniiɓe e koe mum en.
Payndoole jeeyngal ngal poti fawaade ko e sawndaade ɗanniiɓe haa mballa gure mum en e leydi haa ɓamtoo to faggudu, to renndo e to pinal naftowal :
- ɓe cosa pelle ɗe ngonaa laamuyankooje (ONG) nder gure e diiwanuuji,
- ɓe tawtoree golle wiɗto e njiylaw paytuɗe e pinal Fulɓe e leñƴi koddaaɗi,
- ɓe tawtoree eɓɓaaɗe ngenndiije naworɗe ngootaagu leñƴi lesɗe kala,
- ɓe uddita dame feewde e leñƴi koddaaɗi, hoto ɓe teelde, teelo heewi jibinde ko caɗeele hakkunde leñƴi haa wonta añam-leñamaagu ngu alaa ɗo fawii,
- udditanaade pinal demokarasi e muñal, Fulɓe mawnina darnde poti daraade ngati mum en saraade e nder duunde men Afirik.
E wattan, daraniiɓe jeeyngal ngal, ina poti teskaade hannde, winndere naatii e yonta keso, yonta lollirɗo «karalle kabaaru e kaaldigal kese» (NTIC), kuutorɗe ƴellitaare faggudu e renndo e pinal.
Aduna hannde wontii « wuro winndeere ». Winndereyankaagu coomngu mbaydiiji nguurndam fof, haa teeŋti e ceebli aadaaji ɓurnooɗi suuɗaade, waawni en nde nganndaten darnde pot-ɗen daraade. E dow ɗuum, mbeɗe naamndoo on, so tawii haa jooni, e oo yonta mo ngon’ɗen, eɗen mbaawi wiyde «Jaspora Fulɓe» ina woodi ?
TIMMITOORE 1
Leyɗe keewɗe haalooɓe ɗemngal pulaar/fulfulde
– UNESCO/BREDA 1985
Tiimtorde 2
