Naatirdi
Yeewtude ko fayti e « jasporaa » (caragol nder winndere) Fulɓe nder tan hojomaaji 20 wonaa ko weeɓi. Maa en eto seerndude mbaydiiji uujooji Fulɓe, cifo-ɗen kuccanɗi majji, njaltinen caɗe jowitiiɗe heen . E wattan, maa en eto firde batte to bannge faggudu, to pinal e to bannge renndo, uujooji ɗi njogii e renndooji iwdi maɓɓe.
Ngam yiɗde haa paamondiren e haala, ina moƴƴa kawren e miijo no Fulɓe njiyri uujooji e fergooji.
Eɗen kawri fergo firata ko dillere yimɓe ummiiɓe e nokku mum en, koɗoyi nokku goɗɗo. To ganndal neho-jawdi, ɗum firata ko nde kullon uujata ngam yahde to mbaawata jibinoyde, maa dañde ko ñaami e ko njari. Fulɓe noon ndenndini ko ɗee geɗe ɗiɗi fof, yimɓe e jawdi.
To bannge daartol, « jasporaa » firata ko caragol ɓesngu Yahuud’en nder winndere adii-daartol ngam dogde caɗeelɗ Firawna’en pawnoo e maɓɓe. Nde konngol ngol yaaji, ngol firata e raɓɓiɗinaare ko caraagol ɓesngu yimɓe nder winndere.
Gila dawaa dawi, Fulɓe ko durnooɓe tan. So aɓe uuja maa aɓe pera, ko galle fof maa leñol fof yahata, ɓe njiyloyoo ñaamirɗe jawdi, e ndiyam, e ɗo mbuubon mbonkon e nayi ngalaa. Keeri laamateeɗi gadani e dowlaaji kesi ngoƴaano ɓe.
Ndeke ferde jeyaa ko e pinal Fulɓe. Ko ɗum tagi ɓe saraade nder Afirik, kono nokku heen fof mo ɓe ngari, ko ɓe seeɗa, ɗum tagata ɓe heewde jaggireede ko ɓe « hoɗɓe » ɓe njeyaaka e leydi.
Yaakaare iwdi Fulɓe
« Fulɓe » woni helmere toɗɗotoonde leñol yimɓe nehooɓe jawdi, mbiyata koye mum en. « Pullo » woni teelo « Fulɓe ». Ɗum firata so en pawiima e ɗaɗol celluka helmere nde, « ful » ko huunde hesere, sosaande. Ko heen konngol « pul » seekaa (ina hesɗi pul). Hoɗdiiɓe Fulɓe hawasankooɓe , e aarabeeɓe, e haalooɓe engele, mbiyata ɓe ko « Fulaani ». Manndinkooɓe Senegammbi mbiyata ɓe ko « Fula ». Safalɓe Muritani mbiyata ɓe ko « Takariir » (hoɗɓe Tekuruur). Aɓe mbiyee kadi « Haalpulaaren » (haalooɓe ɗemngal pulaar) to worgo Muritani e to rewo Senegaal (Fuuta Tooro), to diiwaan Ñooro nder leydi Mali e to leydu Gine mo Konaakiri.
Ɗemngal Fulɓe, « pulaar » maa « fulfulde » e hoore mum ina heewi kam ne no innirtee, fawaade e nokku mo ɓe koɗi. Haalooɓe ɗemngal engele to Gammbi, to Siyera Lewon e to Niijeriya, keewi wiyde ngal ko « fula ». To Maasina nder Mali, to Niijeer, to Cad, to Kamruun, ngal heewi wiyeede ko« fulfulde ». Angal darjiri « pulaar » to Muritani, to Senegaal, to Mali, to Gine, to Burkina Faso.
Ɗemngal pulaar/fulfulde ɓooyii janngeede. Ngal ɓamii winndeede gila e nder teeminannde 18ɓiire. Ɗum telɓi nde koloñaal naati diiwaan o. E oon tuma, seernaaɓe e ɗemngal arab ina mbinndatnoo ɗemngal ngal e huutoraade alkule arab, ɗum woni « Abajada Ajami». Ko e hitaande 1966, fedde UNESCO toɗɗii e kuuɓal «Alkule Bamako» wonande ɗemɗe Afirik ɗee kala. Ko ɗee «Alkule Bamako» kuutortee hannde nder leyɗe ɗo pulaar/fulfulde haalatee.
Denndaangal limere Fulɓe ina millee hakkunde Miliyoŋaaji 6 haa 19. Baŋ-yoo-baŋ e nder jookli Afirik, ngonka maɓɓe e darnde maɓɓe e sifaa maɓɓe ina waylodoo e nokku mo ɓe koɗi. Ina jeyaa e ɗo wiɗtooɓe Fulɓe kawri to bannge iwde mum en : ko ɓe leñol durnooɓe jawdi (teeŋti e nayi) ummiiɓe e « Semit’en » gila ko adii-daartol jeereende Sahara hedde duuɓi 1800 ko adii jibineede Iisaa (A.J.I). Ngol leñol adorii ferde ko ummaade fuɗnaange-rewo feewde hirnannge, ɓe ndewi Tiripoliteen, ɓe taƴti jeereende Sahara. Caggal ɗuum ɓe takkii maaje Senegaal e Joliba (Nijeer) aɓe ɗaɓɓoya nguura jawdi maɓɓe, haa ɓe njettoyii saraaji Weendu Cad, fayi Adamawa (rewo Kamruun) haa e nder Darfuur.
E wiyde ɓee wiɗtooɓe, Fulɓe ko e dental hakkunde « Semit’en » e leñƴi ɓaleeɓe gila yonta Misira gadano, refti heen ko Berbeer’en e ɓaleeɓe Tekuruur gila yonta Nammandiiru. Hade maɓɓe ferande fuɗnaange, Fulɓe njillondiri e leñƴi Sooninkooɓe ɓe laamaandi Wagadu, e Wolof’en e Seereraaɓe.
Wertaango koɗki Fulɓe
Wertaango koɗki Fulɓe ina jeyaa e ɓurɗi yaajde. Ɗemngal maɓɓe ɓuri ɗemɗe Afirik ɗee fof yaajde wertaango hay sinno ngal ɓuraani heewde haalooɓe. Haalooɓe fulfulde/pulaar ina millee e miliyoŋaaji 15, e fawaade e yuurnito BREDA waɗi e hitaande 1985. So ɗemɗe Afirik ɗee fof njoƴƴinaama, ko ngal nayaɓal caggal Hawsa e Kiswahili (miliyoŋaaji 40 haalooɓe gootal heen fof), e Yoruba (miliyoŋaaji 20,5 kaaloowo).
Ɗo ɓuri teskinde ɗo pulaar/fulfulde haalatee ko leyɗe Saahal, gila Muritani e Senegaal haa Suudaan e Somali. Ɗum firti ko nder jeejegol Saahal, gila maayo Fiiltiingo Atalantik haa Maayo (Geej) Woɗeewo, ɗo ndiyam mbelɗam tawatee, ɗo heewi huɗo moƴƴo e jawdi, ɗo mbuubon mbonkon e nayi ngalaa. Ko ɗum tagi ganndo mawɗo, taani men Aamdu Hampaate Bah siforaade « ɓee yahooɓe ɓe tampataa, ummiiɓe ɗo hay gooto anndaa, ardiiɓe cefe mum en nayi, fayɓe ɗo hay gooto annda ina niyloyoo ndiyam, e huɗo e ɗo mbuubon ngalaa ! ».
He hitaande 2025, e wiyde Wijipedia, keewal Fulɓe nder doŋre Afirik ina tolnoo he miliyoŋaajo 40 gila Muritani e Senegaal haa Eccopi. Fulɓe ina tawee Sudaan e Sudaan-Worgo e Eccopi e Somali haa nih Jibuti. He leyɗe fof alaa heen ɗo Fulɓe ɓuri keewal hay sinno aɓe teskoree aɓe njoni he won heen he majje.
Ɗemngal fulfulde / pulaar ko ɗemngal renndo to Muritani, to Senegaal, to Gammbi, to Gine Konakiri, to Mali, to Burkina Faso, to Niijeer, to Benin, to Niijeriya, to Kamruun. Angal haalee nder leyɗe goɗɗe nder nokuuji keniiɗe maa nder galleeji tan (ƴeewee alluwal dow ɗoon ngal).
No wertaango ɗemngal fulfulde/pulaar wayi nih yaajde, ko noon pulfule ɗee mbayi heewde, ɗe caɗtinaani ngal, kono ɓeydi ko alɗinde ngal. Eɗen mbaawi tonngude peƴte ɗiɗi pulfule : Pulfule Hirnaange e Pulfule Fuɗnaange. Pulal heen fof ina soomi nder mum pulfule ɗe ngaddiin mum en fawii e koɗki mum en. Mo fulfulde/pulaar wonaa ɗemngal mum neeniwal (muynangal), waawataa seerndude ɗe.
Ko ɗee Pulfule fof ndenti ngoni ɗemngal pulaar, maa fulfulde. Ko ɗe ɗemgnal gootal ngati aɗe nanondira e ko ɓuri heewde. Alaa heen ɓurngal keddiiɗe ɗe, so wonaa to keeweendi haalooɓe. Hannde o, wiɗtooji ina mbaɗee, mo woni kala e pulfulal ngal haalata ngal, ko adii nde kawraten e pulfulal coñce ngal yimɓe fof potata huutoraade.
Kuɗol Aamadu Malal Gey
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