Nde laamu Almameeɓe sompaa, ko ɓe ngidii yaaɓande ko feccitaade leydi waalo.
Adii fof ko Almaami Abdul Qaadiri Kan mo laamu mum duumii duuɓi capanɗe tati. Mawɓe Futankooɓe ne ciftora no о yedirnoo leydi, dowlirɗo e maɓɓe ko: “feccere Fuuta”. Caggal makko, yeɗi leydi haa ɗum maantini, hay sinno ne woddi “feccere Fuuta” ko Almaami Yuusuf Siree Lih e Almaami Mammadu Biraan Wan. Won Almameeɓe ndokki leydi caggal maɓɓe, kono ɗum waylaani jeyi leydi haa maantaa.
E jamaanu Almameeɓe, won e jagge mawɓe, resndateeɓe kolaaɗe, ngonnoo ko maccuɓe, ngontii seɓɓe, walla njanti e leƴƴi goɗɗi, iwdi mum en majjitii. Safalɓe na ceernda « abiid » e « haraatiin ». Addi ɗum ko won e jamaanu, maccuɓe heddiiɓe e jeyi halifaaɓe mum mbiyetee ko « abiid », tawa noddirteeɓe « haraatiin » ko jiyaaɓe soodtiiɓe, walla ndimɗinaa sabu Alla. Wolofaaɓe ne ceerndi ngonki «jaam» е «jaami buur». Sooninkooɓe na ceerndi “waano kunko” e “jonko runkoo”, “komo” e “komo din koomo”.
TAARIIK NJIYAAGU E NDER ƁESNGU MURITANI
Mo yuurnitii mbayliigu renndo besnguuji Muritani, maa maanto Shuur Bubbe. Shuur Bubbe lombii ko hakkunde duuɓi 1644 e 1674. Ko wolde mawnde e dow gardagol Ceemo mawɗo biyeteeɗo Nasr Diin mo Tashomsha Tararsa. Ko hare ƴiiƴiire Seernaaɓe Safalɓe, kaɓtorii Tuubakiri, nde Tuubakooɓe jom jawɗeele jooɗiiɓe Ndar (Senegaal) naati honde e soodde jiyaaɓe. Seernaaɓe Jolfuɓe (ɓeen mbiyetee Tuubnaan) e Haal Pulaar en (wontoyooɓe Tooroɓɓе janngo) njanti e Seernaaɓe Safalɓe. Oon jamaanu noon, Satigeeɓe Deeniyankooɓe laaminooɓe Fuuta ne ɓallii Tubakiri. Emiiruuji Safalɓe, teeŋti noon e ɓe Tararsa e Barakna, ne njana e Fuutankooɓe e Wolofaaɓe, na kona won e mum en, na njeeya ɗum en Tuubakooɓe. Oon saanga njiyaagu anndiraa ko « Traite atlantique » woni « Ngalu jiyaaɓe cooriingu ‘geec’ Atlantik. Ndeen hare, en paami ɗum, ko e dow innde Lislaam. Ne moƴƴa paamen kadi, so ndee hare mantinnde ne haɗtii njeeygu juulɓe, haɗaani maccuɓe jeyeede e nder galleeji Fuuta tawa ne ligginee e dow kalifaandi. Shuur Bubbe wattondorii ko fooleede, caggal wolde nde duuɓi 30 so on ndeenii. Jogori yoftanaade malde seernaaɓe leƴƴi Muritani kala, hawa hanndoo, ko Fedde Tooroɓɓe, sompi laamu Almameeɓe Tooroɓɓe.
ALMAMEEƁE TOOROƁƁE NJOFTII SHUUR BUBBE, COMPI LAAMU TUUGIINGU E DIINE LISLAAM
Nde Shuur Bubbe foolaa, goomu Tooroɓɓe eggi, feri, fayi Piir Sañokuur, ɓe ngudditi toon duɗe maɓɓe, ɓe tafi fedde maɓɓe, ɓe paggii doole moolanaaɗe, e dow gardogol Ceemo Suleymaan Baal. Ceerno Suleymaan Baal ne wondi e mum jogorɗo wontoyde Almaani Abdul Qaadiri, kam e Tafsiiru Ɓoggel, Aali Dunndu Segele Faliili Ac, Arɗo Kaawel, Aali Siidi, e woɗɓe. Won ɓe ɓe neli Fuuta Jaloŋ to Gine, yiɗde yuurnitaade no laamu mum, njowitiingu e Lislaam, aadorii. En kollitiino Feccere Fuuta waylii ngooroondi faggudu. Ngalu nattii hiisireede ɓuraa heewde jiyaaɓe e doole no faggorii maccuɓe. Jeyi leydi woni yumma jaanduyaagal, naatni Fuuta e jamaanu keso, jamaanu mo mbaydi mum seerti e macungaagu. En limtiino Almameeɓe ɓurɓe maantinde e mbayliigu jeyi leydi Fuuta, hono Almaami Abdul Qaadiri Kan mo Appe, Almaami Yuusuf Siree Lih mo Daabiya Hodeeji, Almaami Biraan Wan mo Mbummba. Hankadi, doole demal nattii yowitaade e maccuɓe, hay sinno rewam njiyaagu ne doolni tawo, ne maantini haa wooroo.
Sariyaaji kesi naatii: jeyi, luɓal, coodgu, coodtiigu, asakeeje, laamorba, ekn.
KO DOWLUNOO TO SAFALƁE?
Njiyaagu ɓurnoo yaajde ko e Hasaan en (eɓe mbiyee L’Arab), teeŋti e ɓе Tararsa e ɓe Barakna ɓe ngaadorinoo ko dahde maccuɓe, eɓe njeeya ɗum en Tuubakiri. Ɓeen maccuɓe dahaaɓe соketenoo ko e geƴƴelle, nguddee e galleeji to Ndar, Rifiska e Goree. Ɗee gure kala ngoni ko Senegaal. Goree ko duunde geec. Dogrude ɗoon, hisa, aaɓnotaako : maa liɗɗi geec conngii joom mum, maa hortiima yooliima, maa yaawii tineede abbee, leptee haa lorla so balɗe mum keddaki heen. Ɗoo Tuubakooɓe cokatnoo maccuɓe no jawdi eelteteendi nii, galle mum nana Gore, no woorunoo hanki. Yimɓe yonɓe, ɓe diiwaan Afrik, walla ummiiɓe Orop, teeŋti noon ɓaleeɓe tumarankooɓe ɓe Amerik, Antiiy e leyɗeele goɗɗe na ngara Gore njillu, yiɗde humpitaade no taaniraaɓe e njaatiraaɓe leptiranoo.
So Seernaaɓe Safalɓe na luulndii yeeyde Tubakooɓe maccuɓe, eɓe kalfi maccuɓe, eɓe liggina ɓe e gese maɓɓe e galleeji maɓɓe. Sifaa ceerndoowo Abd e Hartaani, jiimɓe e leydi kam e remnotooɓe, naatii : Abd woni maccuɗo, Hartaani woni diimaajo (hono maccuɗo coodtiiɗo, walla gaccanaaɗo sabu Alla).
Macungaagu to Safalɓe ɓurnoo fawaade ko e ndema e ngaynaaka. Won e Emiiruuji Safalɓe jiimɓe e leydi Waalo, keɓtaandi e juuɗe Haal Pulaar en walla Wolofaaɓe. Abiid, hono maccuɓe, kam e Haraatiin, hono gallunkooɓe, na ndema e leyɗeele waalo ɗe halifaabe mum en njiimi, e nder leydi taariindi sewnde ɗo ɓe keewi aawde tamarooje.
E jamaanu maccungaagu, kamɓe halifaaɓe njeyi coñal, ɓe njeɗa heen Abiid (maccuɓe) ko ɓe mbelaa. Caggal nde jaanduyaagal joli, Haraatiin (enen mbiyata Hardaneeɓe) ndemnoto, na njoɓa asakkeeji… Ne woodi Safalɓe woɗeeɓe, na mbiyee Tiyyaab, Adnaaga, walla Lahme, na mbaasi, ngalaa leydi. Eɓe ndemnoo, ɓe ndokka asakkeeji. Ɓurɓe heewde e maɓɓe ko reftinooɓe won e laamɓe e saanga golwole. Nde jiiɓru natti, ɓe ngalaa jeyi, ɓe mbaɗti remnaade ngam ɗaɓɓude ko ɓe ñaami, ko ɓe koltiri, ko ɓe ñawndiri haajuuji maɓɓe cerindiiɗi. Laamu Almameeɓe battinii e diiwanuuji Safalɓe. Nawrii Barakna, Tararsa e Adraar to Ehel Maami (inde ndee noddi ko e Almameeɓe).
WAALO BARAK, LEYDI JOLFUƁE
Waalo, haa Fuuta waylii, naatani jaanduyaagal, ko e njiimaandi wiyeteeɓe Barak woni. Barak en keerondiri e Ndar, ɓuri naatondirde e Tuubakooɓe dahooɓe maccuɓe. E dow doole maccuɓe laamu ɓe ɓe mbiyata “Jaami Buur”, ɓe njani ko e ɓesngu remooɓe ɓe ngalaa doole (Baadoolo en), wolofaаɓe e fuutankooɓe, eɓe ndaha won e mumen, eɓe njeeya Tuubakooɓe. Ɓe ngonti ko reftiiɓe Tuubakiri. Wolofaaɓe halfaaɓe, tawa njeyaaka е konu Barak, noddirtee ko “Jaam”. Ko oon jamaanu Hormankooɓe njillii Fuuta e Waalo Barak na kona maccuɓe ne njeeya ɗum en Tuubakooɓe. Ɓeen Hormankooɓe na teskaa ngummorii ko Maruk, nde Satigeeɓe laamii. Addunoo ɗum en ko wallitde won e satigi ñolanooɗo. Caggal ɗum ɓe keddi e Fuuta, eɓe pola, eɓe ñaaya.
Fedde hesere feeñii e Wolofaaɓe gila jamaanu Nasr Diin, ne wiyee « Tuubnaan », woni Lislaamiyankooɓe. Eɓe kaɓtoo Barak en, eɓe mahondiri e Seernaaɓe Safalɓe e Almameeɓe Tooroɓɓe. Kisal nattii, alaa mo ina suusa dawde gese, heege e warngooji pooltiima. Laamɗo Barak, keewɗo yurmeende, biyeteeɗo Jomboot Mbooc, yiɗde yo boomaare nde darto, resondiri e laamo Tararsa biyeteeɗo Mohamed L’Hbib. Alla arsikini ɓe ɓiɗɗo na wiyee Eli Wul Mohammed Faal, omo anndiraa kadi Eli Jommbot. Ɗum ittaani boomaare Waalo Barak e hoɗdiiɓe mum. Maa hare juulɓe dooki, nde heewɓe e Wolofaaɓe njanti e fedde Tooroɓɓe. Ɗum woni yumma jettooɗe keewɗe e Haal Pulaaren, teeŋti e tooroɓɓe, tawa na andaa iwdi mum en ko Jolfuɓe ngonnoo: Mbooc, Njaay, Saar, Joop, Caam, Ñaŋ, ekn. Oon saanga, jaɓɗo Lislaam kala wonta Tooroodo. Alaa mo ina jibinee Toorodo, sabu Tooroɓɓe ko hinnde hesere. Neɗɗo tuubat, wonta Toorodo. Ko caggal mum, nde laamu Almameeɓe fooli, ɓe ngonti hinnde jom doole, ardiiɓe renndo ne woorunoo, nde ɗum waylii. Hankadi wonaa tuubɗo kala wonta Tooroodo, moni kala ma jinnaaɓe mum ngona toorоdɓe, teeŋti e jinnaaɗo mum gorko, nde kañum ne wiyee ko tooroodo.
SOONINKOOƁE GIDIMAKA E NJIYAAGU
Jubbannde men haaɗata ko e diiwaan Gidimaka (Gidi Maxa). Kayhayɗi ko alluwal goɗngal. Mo yuurnitii ɓesngu Muritani, felliti haalde ko woodi, ne andi Sooninkooɓе maantoraa ko hillande liggeey. Ɗum waɗi Haal Pulaaren na tooñira ɓe : “maa kaalis, maa anñeere woɗɗunde”. Addi ɗum ko alaa ɗo njiyaata Sooninko, celluɗo to bannge terɗe mum e hakkille mum na yeloo. Ɓe nguuri ko e warñeende maɓɓe. Eɓe mbiyee eɓe tiiɗi junngo, kono wonaa noon : ɓe kumpiti tampere nde faggaade ngalu roondii, ɓe ngaadoraaki batde e rewnaade eɓe ɗaɓɓa, no won e Moritaninaaɓe nii. Ittaani eɓe ngondi e ñeeñɓe maɓɓe e awluɓe maɓɓe. Do Sooninkoobe kodi e Muritani, leydi waalo ne haaɗi e juuɗe, ne wiyee ni alaa no foti, Ɗum waɗi jeyi leydi na teeŋti e maɓɓe. Won e galleeji e gure maɓɓe ngummii ko rewo goɗɗuɗo, laamii Ganna… Won e maɓɓe peri ko diiwanuuji Mali, na telloo ne kaɓtoo Safalɓe, ne kaɓtoo Tuubakiri haa ciiñti e gure mum en jooni ɗe. Yoga eɓe cifiɗen wattan ɓe, ngardi ko cente-cente.
Ne gooŋɗini haala men biyeteeɗo Maxа Mallee Nduwoo Sumaare, hono Maxa mo haayre, hono haayre Asaaba.
Kinɗe Sooninkooɓe ko nii : -« Ноого ngoni laamɓe maɓɓe (ena e maɓɓe yetteteeɓe Kamara, Sumaare, Jaawara, Jaabira, Ganndega): – « Мoodini » ngoni seernaaɓe maɓɓe (eɓe njettee Siisee, Soxonaa, Sillaa, Jaxitee, Yatabare, Daraame, Kebe, Saaxo, Njaay, Kanutee, Samasaa): -« Jonkorunko » е « Waanokunko » ne nannda to iwdi mumen e maccuɓe laamɓe, ngabborii caggal ɗum jaawanɓe (ɓe kalfinaa maslahaa e nder renndo so luural jolii) –“ Ñamalanii ” ngoni ñeeñɓe maɓɓe. – « Кото » ngoni maccuɓe. – « Komo ɗii n’komo » ngoni maccuɓe halfuɓe jiyaaɓe
Ɗum holliti ko jaanduyaagal naatii. Won e maccuɓe njaltii hinnde mum en adan, ngalɗii, ngam reftaade laamɓe e njogitaari petelaaji, mbaɗti halfude, na liggina… Ɓeen, ngonka mum en ɓuri abbitaade ko « Jonkorunko » e « Waanokunko ». Nde Soninkooɓe eggiyankooɓe ciiñti e gure mum en, ɓuri huuraade e jeyi leydi ko laamɓe, Seernaaɓe e won e jagge mawɗe (Jonkorunko e Waanokunko). Hol no kuulal kesal pawingal e macungaagu hiisorii kocifi-ɗen e leƴƴi Muritani kala ?
MBUNNDI-MBUNDI KUULAL NGAL
Kulal ngal ko nii siforii macungaagu: « Macungaagu ko ngonka walla sifaa neɗɗo mo ngandu-ɗaa sariyaaji jowitiiɗi e jeyi na piilii e mum, wonii kañnji fof, wonii won e majji. Won e golle, won e haala, sariya lundiiɗo macungaagu ne yani e mum en : -piggal -teetde kaake janane – heɓtude jawdi njananndi e kaalis janano – haɗde sukaaɓe janngude -happaade ndonu -resde debbo innirteeɗo korɗo tawa wonaa e sago mum, -luulndaade dewgal ngal biyeteeɗo korɗo yiɗani hoore mum – winndude, bayyina jimɗi, jime, tiyaataar ekn, tawa ne maanta njiyaagu sariya ne yani e kala mawɗo jooɗaniiɗo laamu (guwerneer, perfee, e wonɓе les mum en), kala sanndarmori, kala polisiyee kollitaaɗo luure jowitiiɗe e macungaagu salii yo yetto sariya, walliti halifaaɓe, luulndii jiyaaɓe walla adduɓe e mum haala. Heen bonande kala, kuulal ngal ne taƴani ɗum alamaan. Ɗee geɗe ɗe cifi-ɗen kala, sariya luulndiiɗdo macungaagu na yani e dow mum en. Ko ɗum ɓuri tiiɗde e ko kuulal ngal roondii. Jubbande men faande yowittoo ko e sifaaji macungaagu ɓurɗi maantinde e nder Muritani hannde. Tonngirten ko pееje ɗe cikku-ɗen maa mbaylu ngonka wiyateeɓe maccuɓe, fellitɓe taƴde ɓoggi piiliɗi e daaɗe mum en, njaaɓana yowitaade e warñeende mumen.
Bookara Muusa Bah
