Baasi Mali ko ɓooyɗo ɗaanaade ne fina gila 1963 fawaade he filñitere tuwareg en fuɗnaange Mali, e yiɗ’de mum en jeytaare hettere leydi wiyeteendi Ajawaad taweteende e nder leydi Mali. Nde o fini fuf, o finda e wutte keso. Ɗum noon, nde o sakkitii finnde ndee, ko wutte leydi Libi o findi e hitaande 2012, ɓoorni mo wutte mo laamu Mali ronki ɓoortude, maa walla ɗannidinɗo mo he mum.
Nde o fini fuf, o finda e wutte keso. Ɗum noon, nde o sakkitii finnde ndee, ko wutte leydi Libi o findi e hitaande 2012, ɓoorni mo wutte mo laamu Mali ronki ɓoortude, maa walla ɗannidinɗo mo he mum. Nde wonnoo tuwareg en ɓooyi waɗdeede, ɓe ɓenndii e hare ; ɗum tagi ɓe joganaade ɗum njuɓɓudi dañal ngal ɓe coftirta gila duuɓi ɓooyɗi. He laamu Moodibo Keytaa, (oon wonnoo hooreejo gadano leydi Mali hakkunde 1960 haa 1968), ɓe mbaɗdii he mum hitaande 1963 haa 1967.
He Laamu Muusaa Tarawore, ɓe mbaɗdii he mum golwole keewɗe, ɗe sifaaji muusɗi e nder duuɓi 26 o laaminoo Mali ɗii. E oon tuma, alaa ko ɓe mbaɗaaka mbele baasi ñifa. Ene he ɗeen ɗe laamu Mali waɗi ɓe, nanngude neɗɗo ne wuuri, waɗa ɗum e nder dibirgal ɗo teewu duppetee, haɓɓude kosɗe e mobil haɓɓa juuɗe e goɗngel, gootel fuf doga yahra bannge mbele neɗɗo oo seerta. Ene heen jaggude rewɓe maɓɓe adda ɗum en Bamakoo yeeya, (ko rido faletenoo jeese rewɓe ɓee), soodooɓe ɓee ne coodira koyɗe, coggu debbo maɓɓe ko buuɗi 1 200 wonnoo. Ene jeyanoo heen mahde toon kasooji burɗi heewde leeɓte, ko wayi no Tawdenii en, Agelok en, e nokkuuji goɗɗi, taweede toon ko fatere yooro, e taweede kadi ko ɗi nokkuuji ɗi wujjittooɓe ne njuloo ndewrata (tarafikaa en), ɗum woni ɓamoyooɓe kaake iwde Aljeri ne naatna Mali, Burkina, e Niijeer. Ɗum addani heewɓe naatde heen, mbele dañal ngalu. Ene heen hay laamuyankooɓe, konunkooɓe fotatnooɓe reende nokkuuji ɗi oo, naati he hiila hee.
Laamu Muusa liɓaama 1991
Aamadu Tumaani Tuure laamiima hitaande wootere. Suɓngo waɗii, Alfaa Umar Konaare suɓaama 1992 tawi ko e suɓngo adano waɗaango Mali. Alfaa Umar Konaare ndaarti jokkondiral hakkunde mum he leyɗe ballooje leydi Mali no ine dartoroo, taweede ñende mum ko leydi ndii haajanoo koo ne heewi. E ɗiin tumaaji, ko moƴƴel gootel cammtungel gootel ndi (konunkooɓe he Jaŋɗe) tawretenoo. Alfaa Umar Konaare ndaarti ɗaaynude hare fuɗɗude gilaa 1963 haa 1991, ɗaaynirde hare nde lamminde yimɓe tuwareg en, yeende ɓe, jaɓande ɓe geɗe ɗe njahdaani e ñaawooje leydi Mali. Ko ndeen kala ko ine wiyee laawol fenaande udditaa, e sikkunoode Alfaa ɗuum maa ñif jeeynge huɓɓunge gilaa duuɓi 28 ngee.
Heen e sifaa pene ɗee :
- ɓamde sukaaɓe maɓɓe, naatna ɗum en konu Mali tawa ɓe meeɗaano heble he konunkaagal, ruttoo ardina ɗum en konunKooɓe Mali heblanooɓe ;
- ɓamde yimɓe ɓe tolno jaŋɗe mum en diwaani tolno 3ɓo, ardina ɗum en ɓe tolno jaaɓi haaɗtirdi ;
- yeende kala feɗde maa walla sete tuwareg en lunndiinde kawral ngal ;
- yoɓde joom wuro en ;
- jaɓande ɓe yo ɓe cos pelle deenooje gure maɓɓe ;
- jaɓande julaŋkooɓe maɓɓe naatnude kaake e nder leydi Mali, tawi ɓe nduuñinaani ;
- waasde jukkude (jaggude) yimɓe maɓɓe ɓe ñaawooɓe pawi he mum en kuugal.
Ɗumɗoo fuf laamu Alfaa Umar Konaare jaɓaniino ɗum tuwareg en mbele ɓe njeeda, o fentii fooyre kawral (Flamme de la Paix), ɗum woni mo woni kala yeenee, adda fetel mum baasi ngel joginoo, duppee. Ɗum waɗii fuɗnaange Mali ɗo seede mum ko Jerri Rowlings wonnoo laaminooɗo leydi Gana, ɗum holliraa aduna fuf, tawa ko fuunti ndaartirɗi kaalis tuubakooɓe. Laamu Alfaa udditii kala damal bonannde wonnde e leydi Mali. Ko kedde yimɓe nguun laamu ngoni laamiiɓe hannde, e ndaartooɓe laamaade (Ibraahiima Bubakar Koytaa e Sumayla Siisee).
Aamadu Tumaani Tuure (ATT) Suɓaama e 2002
O tawii ɗoon faandu tooke ne buumaa, taweede ko o konunke, e humpito makko e leydi ndii ko ko bonnaa haa laaɓi, e anndude mo ko Kaddafi haɗi ndi fusde, e taweede ko sukaaɓe Tuwareg en taweteeɓe he konunkooɓe Libi mbaawi buumtude ɗum, e taweede konunkooɓe Mali, ɓe Niijeer, ɓe Burkinaa mbaawa jaɓɓaade ɗum so woodi waɗde, ɗum tagi ATT na jokkondirnoo e Kaddafi no feewi, mbele hisnude margal ngal, o gollii e ɗum golle keewɗe paayodinɗe, ɗum haɗaano pelɓondire ne ngoodnoo, kono ine haaɗnoo ɗo jaɓi. Fulɓe mbiyi « bone iwrata mbuuɗu ko sera ».
Ko nde laamu Faraysi e Amerik nanondiri 2012 ne caama he laamu Kaddafi fawaade he yiɗde firtude jahaangal Kaddafii e laawol ƴellitaare ngenndi mum. Nde ɗum waɗi, Libi fusi, tuwareg en tawtenooɓe toon e konunkooɓe Libi njalti, ɓe njaltidi e kaɓorɗe keewɗe, ɓe naatiri fuɗnaange leydi Mali. Ɓeen naatirɓe Mali, ko ɓe pecce ɗiɗi joom en kaɓorɗe. Wootere ndee ko yiɗnde yantude e haɓantooɓe jeytaare leydi.
Woɗnde ndee ko leydi e Diina (jihaad). ATT jaɓɓii ɓe, udditani ɓe damal ballondiral hoto ɓe mbaɗ baasi fuf e nder leydi Mali. Ɗum waɗii tawi Faraysi ne ndaara, haalaani hay huunde, taweede ATT ko giɗo Kaddafi wonnoo.
Nde ATT riiwaa he laamu, leyɗe Afriknaaɓe mettini, laamɓe ɓee calii ko konunkooɓe Mali mbaɗi koo, kaaldigal waɗaa, laamu teettaa hokkaa Jookunnda Tarawere. E oon tuma, Tuwareg en iwnooɓe libi ɓee piyi laamu Mali gila Kiidal haa Konna.
Nde selli konunkooɓe Mali mbaawataa jaɓɓaade (faddaade) ɓe, Jookunnda nulani Faraysi, tawa ɓeen ceertii he laamɗo bonɗo woni Sarkosi, yo faabo Mali. Nde ɗum waɗi, Faraysi ari, noddi kala baawɗo wallude Mali he jaɓɓaade ɓeeɗoo Tuwareg en, yo ngar mballa ɓe haaɓaade ɓee bonɓe. Hannde oo garal Faraysi ne waawi wiyeede ko ñoli ittaani ko luuɓi. Faraysi riiwi bonɓe haa naatti Kiidal, ɓe mbiyi ɗum en cuuɗo-ɗee ɗoo, min ngolla ko heddi koo. Ɗuum woni jiiɓde Mali, jiiɓira ɗum hare leƴƴi, hare laamu mbonngu, hare diiniyankooɓe warooɓe banndum en, hare dawriyankooɓe ɓe peeje mum en tuugii tan e dañal mum en, ɓe njiɗaa ngenndi mum en. Ko e ɗuum jiiɓru nduu wonti pecce tati, 1. hare diina; 2. hare jeytaare e 3. hare leƴƴi. Tuwareg en peccitii pecce keewɗe goɗɗe, ɗee heen keddii he hare diina, ngontorii ɓurɗe torlude, ɗee heen keddii e immanaaɗe (paandaale) maɓɓe ɓurde ɓooyde ɗee.
Ko e ɗeeɗoo geɗe haa jooni hare Mali ndee yahretee e ndeeɗoo hitaande 2019…
Kuɗol Mammadu Aamadu Bah
