Ñalnde aljumaa 11 mars 2011, leydi yerɓii to Japon, yerɓannde moolanaande nde hono mum meeɗaa yiyeede. Ko goonga Japon ina woowti yerɓo leydi, sibu hitaande kala e ndi yerɓa toon fotde laabi ujunere (gila e jerɓanɗe tokoose haa e kakindiiɗe ɗe ngalaa rewam no feewi), kono, hono ngoo ɗoo yerɓo ko kaaɗtudi doolunugol.
Hol ko saabii leydi ina heewi yerɓude toon ?
Ngam dottude, eɗen mbaawi wiyde wonde Japon tagiraa ko yerɓude. Japon ko gorwoocol duuɗe hakkunde geec, pawiiɗe e nokku ɗo lare nay leydi mawɗe kawriti : laral Pasifik, laral Amerik-hirnaange, laral Oraasi (OropAsi), e laral Filipiin. Laral Pasifik ngal ina dirta no feewi feewde hirnaange (fotde 8 cm hitaande kala) ; kanngal heedi les keddiiɗe ɗee. Kala nokku pottital lare bayɗo noon ina hasii heewde dille (yerɓo), tee mboorka ina heewi fuccitaade ɗoon (wolkaa). Japon nii fawii ɗoon ko e nokku biyeteeɗo « dadol jaynge », sibu ko e dow 450 mboorka taartiiɗi Pasifik, tuggude Pantagoni haa Alaskaa, tuggi Kamtesatkaa haa Nuwel Selannde. Hono yerɓo leydi 11 marse ngoo doolnude meeɗaa waɗde he Japon (toɓɓe 8,9). Ɗuum so ƴeewdaama e yerɓo Kobee waɗnoongo ñalnde 16 saawiyee 1995 (toɓɓе 6,9) ina woɗɗondiri. Yerɓo doolnungo waɗnoongo e leydi hee ñalnde 15 suwee 1896 (duuɓi 111 hikka) ko toɓɓe 8,5, umminiino wempeƴere ndiyam mawnde, moolanaande (meeteruuji 25 tooweendi), boomi tufnde Sanriku, wari ko ina tolnoo e 22 000 neɗɗo. Haa e oo aljumaa 11, yerɓo ɓurnoongo doolnude waɗnoongo e leydi hee, waɗnoo ko ñalnde 1 settaambar 1923 (hakkunde 7,9 e 8,3) : ngo bonniino fotde 700 000 hoɗorde e nder diiwanuuji Tokiyo e Yokohoma, ngo yooɓii fotde 143 000 fittaandu.
E nder ɓetirgal doole yerɓo leydi biyeteengal Richter, so jerɓe leydi ɓurondirii toɓɓere wootere, yeru, heen yerɓo wonii 7, ngoya wonii 8, ina wayi no yay (amplitude) yerɓo 8 ngoo ina sowoo laabi sappo yay yerɓo 7 ngoo, kono ngo sowoo laabi 30 semmbe yerɓo 7 ngoo! Nii woni semmbe yerɓo toɓɓe 6 tolnondiri ko e semmbe halitere gaaluwere (bommbe atomik) mo Amerik werlinoo e Hirosimaa (15 ujunere ton TNT); semmbe yerɓo toɓɓe 7 tolnotoo ko e 474 ujunere ton TNT ; semmbe yerɓо toɓɓе 8,9 waɗngo jooni ngoo, tolnii ko e kalito 336 miliyoŋ ton TNT ! E binndol, walla mbiyen e haala, toɓɓе daawirgal Richter alaa ɗo kaaɗi, kono, e ko tabiti, yerɓo leydi meeɗaa ɓurde toɓɓe 9,5; woni doole yerɓo leydi waɗnoongo to Sili e hitaande 1960, umminnoongo wempeƴere moolanaande (tsunami).
E ko aadoraa, yerɓo leydi fuɗɗotoo tineede ko hedde toɓɓe 3 haa 4 (jerɓe tolniiɗe ɗoo ina mbaɗa fotde laabi teemedde ujunnaaje hitaande kala). Yerɓo leydi ina wiyee doolnii tuggude toɓɓe 6. Tuggi 8 fayi dow, heewaani waɗde (laawol gootol hitaande kala), kono so waɗii heewi ko boomde. E nder ɗii ɗoo duuɓi 10 cakkitiiɗi, musibbaaji tago 13 mbaɗii. E miijo Nikolai Shapiro, gardiiɗo wiɗto to CNRS, kalfinaaɗo kippu ko fayti e yerɓo leydi to nokku biyeteeɗo Institut ɗe physique du glone de Paris (Duɗal ganndal ɓalliwal winndere to Parі), « yerɓooji leydi ɓurɗi bonde ko ɓurɗi ɓallaade nokkuuji koɗaaɗi, wonaa yerɓooji ɓurɗi doolnude », ɗum noon, « so leydi yerɓii e eeɓol wuro mawngo, yeru yerɓo leydi waɗnoongo to Kobee e 1995, ɗum ɓuri heewde bonannde. Tolno maggo ko toɓɓe 6,9 wonnoo, e ngo jaasi yerɓo hannde ngoo toɓɓe ɗiɗi, ɓurondiral mawngal no feewi (semmbe yerɓo hannde ngoo ina sowoo laabi 60 semmbe maggo), kono kanngo ɓuri boomde yimɓe nde tawnoo eеɓi maggo ko e wuro hee ngoni ».
Hol ko sabii cumuuji ina ummoo caggal nde leydi yerbi ?
Nde leydi yerɓi to Japon e hitaande 1923, ko cumu bonni koɗorɗe keewɗe. Sabinoo ɗum, ko yerɓo ngoo waɗnoo ko hedde midi, tawi yimɓe heewɓe ina kuɓɓi jayli ina ndefa bottaari. Ko hono noon kadi, nde leydi yerɓi to San Francisco (Saafaraasiskoo) e hitaande 1906, cumuuji keewɗi nduppitiima nde tawi ko ɓuri heewde heen saabii ɗum en ko pusgol tiwooji nawooji gaas. Ina jeyaa heen kuráa.
Mbele ko lewru ɓallittoo leydi sahaa e sahaa koo fof ina waawi saabaade yerɓo leydi e no won heen mbiyri nii ?
Eɗen nganndi ñiso lewru e naange ina ƴerna diyye geec, ko noon kadi ngo ƴernirta laral Leydi men ndii. Engo yettoo 55 cm to ŋorol peccol. Kono tan, e hono no Nikolai Shapiro wiyri nii,« baɗte ƴero walla ñoƴƴo weeyo walla bempeƴƴe ina pamɗi so ƴeewdaama e baɗte doole nderndere dillaango Leydi kam e ɓosgol paɗe leydi. Ɗeen doole nderndere e doole boowal ina ɓurondiri no feewi ». Ballitagol sahaa e sahaa fof Lewru ngol (fotde 40 000 km ina hakkunde nokku ɓurɗo woɗɗude en oo e ɓurɗo ɓallaade en oo) ina famɗi ko battinta e ngal ɗoo ɓurondiral.
Hol no tsunami ardata?
So leydi yerɓii nder geec, fonngo mum yolɓitto walla ƴuuña (suutoo) e nder mudda daɓɓo no feewi. Ko ɗuum umminta wempeƴere. Wonaa ndiyam ɗam yahata, alaa ko wempeƴere ummotoo (hono no eyɓiniraa e natal ngonngal hee nii), no « ola » e nder estaad nii fuku bal nii ; sibu ɗoon yimɓe ɓe ngummoto tan, njooɗtoo gooto gooto, kono hay gooto e maɓɓe ɓоsaani ɗo wonnoo. Nder geec too, wempeƴere ndee ina waawi waasde toowde. Hay so tawii tsunami ina yaawi koyngal, yay onndo mum ina mawni no feewi, haa ko laaɗe gonɗe nder geec keewaani nii tinde mo. Ina wiyee nii wonde fenti helmere «tsunami» (nde firti e haala Japon ko wempeƴere tufnde) ndee ko awooɓe, sibu wonnooɓe nder geес, ɓee tinataa hay dara, ƴeeŋtoyi tawi tufnde mum en ina boni haa boni. Wempeyere ndee ƴerata ko maa diwta luggere, ara e pokpokolam, hono no neɗɗo hofirta kaayit nii. Ɗoon e ɗoon kadi ndiyam ɗam bippita, caggal ɗuum wempeeere ndee timpodoo e doole mawɗe ɗee alaa ko waawi faddaade ɗum en so wonaa tooweendi leydi. Ko ɗum tagi so tsunami arii, yimɓe ina mbiyee yo ndogan nokkuuji toowɗi. (…)
Pierre Barthélémy
Fulo: Bookara Aamadu Ba
