Hade men joofnude winndannde meeɗen jowitiinde e teret ɓaleeɓe, amin pulani on ndeeɗoo winndannde saaktaande ñalnde 8/5/2018, tawi winndi ɗum ko biyeteeɗo Myriam Cottias (Miriyam Koccaas), ganndo bittoowo to CNRS ɗo o ardii Nokku winndereejo wiɗto yowitiingo e caggal-njiyaagu. Tiitoonde winndannde ndee ko :
Hol leyɗe orop ɓurɗe jeyeede e teret e njiyaagu ?
Myriam Cottias : Leyɗeele mawɗe ɓurɗe tabitinde njulaagu ɓaleeɓe ko Portugaal e Angalteer e Farayse e Pays-Bas, kono kadi e leyɗe ganndiraaɗe leyɗe Balte, hono Suwed e Danemarke. E oon sahaa, Orop no diidorinoo tabitinii faggudu njiyaagu. Hay Suwis ina jeyaa heen rewrude e ñamaale bankeeji mum ñamlatnoo kompañeeji njulaagu jiyaaɓe walla ko ɗi ngaddantonoo ɗum en.
Nduun faggudu woni faggudu idiindu wonde faggudu huuɓtodinndu, tawi ina jeyaa e mum Orop, Afrik, Amerikaaji, en njejjitaani geec iñnjeejo. Liverpool woni tufnde adannde njulaagu jiyaaɓe ɓaleeɓe, rewi heen, e teeminannde 18ɓiire to Farayse ko tufnde Nantes. Bordoo woni tufnde Farayse ɗiɗmere njulaagu ɓaleeɓe jiyɗinaaɓe, kono denndaangal tufɗe orop kuccitɗe e geec Atalantik ina njeyaa heen – La Rochelle (La Roshel), Lorient (Lorian), Saint-Malo (Sen Malo), Le Havre (Le Haawre) – hay Marseille (Marsey) to bannge worgo Farayse, ina jeyaa e tufɗe paggorɗe jiyaaɓe ɓaleeɓe.
Hol batte, teret ɓaleeɓe battini e Afrik ?
Teret ɓaleeɓe ko boomaare yimɓe wonande Afrik. E nder duuɓi 350, ko ina ɓura 14 miliyoŋ dahaaɗo nawaama Amerik. Njantinen heen tataɓal jolneteeɓe e laaɗe maayooɓe e bolol. Ɗum bonnii, firtii laamuuji Afrik mawɗi goodnooɗi e oon sahaa, tee addii kareeli keewɗi. Denndaangal geɗe lorɗe no feewi e daawal juutngal denndaangal kattanɗe faggudu e politik Afrik worgo Saharaa. Ɗum jibinii kadi dontugol laamu e leyɗe Afrik, sibu yoga e galleeji mawɗi jeyanooɗi e nguun njulaagu (teret) keddiima e laamu. Ñiɓagol njiyaagu e renndooji Afrik ina caɗtini no feewi kattanɗe miijaade walla tabitinde potal.
Miijo ina heddii e renndooji Afrik hirnaange wonde njiyaagu ko e ƴiiƴam woni, wonaa huunde ittotoonde. Hankati ɗum wayti ko no huunde fesaande e tiinde nii, ko huunde maaydeteende so jibidinaama, ɗumɗoo noon ko miijo fotngo haɓeede. Muritani woni leydi cakkitiindi haɗde njiyaagu e hitaande 1982. Kono ɗuum haɗaani njiyaagu heddaade e mum haa hannde : gila e ceyfitgol joom mum en, haa e ɓurondire nder renndo.
Mbele yimɓe ina mbaawi miijaade lomtinande joom mum en ?
Aimé Césaire walla Frantz Fanon ina mbiyatnoo njiyaagu ko warhoore mo safrotaako. Ina woodi noon dillere winndereere ummoriinde e ko ɓuri teeŋtude to leyɗe Karaybe (Caraibe) engeleejo kam e Hayiti, ɗaɓɓooje yo denndaangal leyɗe Orop jeyanooɗe e jiyɗingol lomtinan jom en hakke ɓee. Caggal kaɗgol njiyaagu to Farayse e hitaande 1848, ko joom en jiyaaɓe ɓee tan lomtinanaa, fotde 126 miliyoŋ francs kaŋŋe (kaalis farayse e oon sahaa).
Ko oon kaalis mo joom en jiyaaɓe ndokkanoo to Faryse e to Angalteer (Grande Bretagne) woni ngooroondi hujjaaji hannde ɗaɓɓooji dokkitgol oon kaalis, maa wonii leyɗe jeytiiɗe to Karaybe, walla yaltuɓe (ɓesngu) ɓeen jiyaaɓe wonɓe to departemaaji Farayse gaɗa-geeciiji (outremer).
Nanondiral ina fuɗɗoo dañeede wonande mbaadi ngool lomtingol fotata jogaade, so lomtingol dewrungol nehdi e jaŋde. Ko hono ɗuum Chase Manhatan Bank fuɗɗii waɗde, so rokkude sanɗaaji ameriknaaɓe iwdi Afrik bursiiji mbele ina mbaawa janngude e duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde leydi Amerik.
Tesko : To leydi Farayse, alkamiisa 10 mee kala ko Ñalngu ngenndiiwu ciftorgol teret njiyaagu e kuule kaɗtuɗe ɗum. E nder ɗuum mawɗo guwarnama Farayse, hono Edouard Philippe, (Eduwaar Filip) wasiyiima « ciftorgol ñawanɗe » njiyaagu saabii kam e « dartinooɓe » ɗum. O wiyi maa Maanditorde mum mahe e nder Pari ko neeɓaani to nokku biyeteeɗo ‘’sardiŋŋaaji Tuilleries’’.
Bookara Aamadu Bah
