Ɗee binndannde ɗe tiitori-ɗen « Mali nokkii ɓakkere » peƴtii ko he doge tati jokkondirɗe : Rogere 1 ko « Sarngo konunkooɓe Libi”, rogere 2 haalata ko ko yowitii e “ Maalde Wellitaare Asawad ”. Wattannde ndee ko « Maalde Jeytaare Maasina ”. Ngol laawol noon ko rogere arwaniire kimman-ɗen.
Rogere 1 : sarngo konunkooɓe libi
Hare e golwole guuraaɗe hannde nder laydi Mali, ngummii ko to woɗɗi he faru e sahaa. Ɗee barondire kiisetee ko he Wolde Saahal to Mali gila he 2012, caggal murteende Salaafiyankooɓe (Tuwareg en e Fulɓe e Aarabeeɓe) yantondiri e murteende Tuwaareg en (woni e teelo Targi).
Ngal natal hollata ko diiwe sappo e joy njuɓɓudi laamu Mali. Gaagaa Bamako e hoore mum, ɓuri heewde yimɓe ko Diiwal Segu (yimɓe 2 455 263), ɓuri famɗude yimɓe ko Diiwal Kidaal (yimɓe 83 192).
Harbiyankooɓe kaddaafi, ngartii Mali
Gila he kitaale 1990, rewo Mali fof woni ko he dille e kareeli ɗi njoofataa, teeŋti noon e murteende Tuwareg en. He darorɗe 2000, jihaadiyankooɓe Alserinaaɓe e Libinaaɓe ndogi leydi mum en, moolii nder rewo Mali. Ɗum kewi ko nde laamu Alseri nikñi ɓe. He 2011, caggal kareeli hakkunde Libinaaɓe e koye mum en e ndiwkeeriiɓe leyɗe Hirnaange, kaɓirɗe keewɗe ngujjaa he paabi Libi. Ko ndeen Tuwareg en wonnooɓe e konu Kaddaafi, ngarti Mali, ngaddori kala ko njoginoo e kaɓirɗe, hay bommbooje. Ɓe tawti murtuɓe Tuwaareg en.
Ko ñalnde 17 siilo (saawiyee) 2012 Tuwareg en haɓantooɓe jeytaare Asawad ndenndi he Dillere ngenndiire ngam Jeytaare Asawad (MNLA : « Mouvement national de libération de l’Azawad »), ɓe njantondiri e dillere jihaadiyankooɓe Ansaar Ed-Diin. Ɓe kuɓɓi wolde joyaɓere feewde e Konu Mali (FAMa). jihaadiyankooɓe senngo « Al-Qaïda au Maghreb islamique » (AQMI) - Al Kayda nder Magreb Lislaam njanti e maɓɓe. jihaadiyankooɓe woɗɓe kadi tawti ɓe, ɓeen ngoni Dillere ngam Ngootaagu e Jihaadi he Afirik Hirnaange (MUJAO : « Mouvement pour l’unicité et le jihad en Afrique de l’Ouest »). Ɓe kuurii he gure hono Agelhok e Menaaka e Tesaalit nder diiwe Kidaal e Tumbukutu.
Loppito laamu Aamadu Tumaani Tuure (ATT)
Ɗoo, konu Mali ɗekkii. Ñalnde 22 Mbooy (marsa) 2012, huunde he koninkooɓe ummanii loppitde laamu e juuɗe Aamadu Tumaani Tuure (ATT), tawi “ wooteeji ” kesi ina potnoo yuɓɓineede ɗoon e lewru. Ardinoo loppito ngoo ko “ Kapiteen ” Aamadu Haaya Sanogo. Ngoo loppito ngo alaa fayndaare yiyniinde, waɗti Mali kadi nder kayaa-mbeeyaa. Ɗum ɓeydii ko waɗtude rewo Mali fof he juuɗe jihaadiyankooɓe. Ko ndeen Tuwareg en ɓe MNLA teeɓtii e ngee fartaŋŋe, mbaɗti waɗde ko mbelaa. Ɓe kuurii he Kidaal e Tumbukutu e Gaawo. Ciftinen ardinoo MNLA ko Bilal Ag Asherif, Bees konu maɓɓe ko Mohamed Ag Najem, meeɗnooɗo wonde Bees nder konu Libi he nguurndam Kaddaafi.
Ñalnde 6 seeɗto (abiril) ɓe mbayyini hare gasii, Asawad heɓii jeytaare mum. Kareeli ɗii caabiima teemedde teemedde maayɓe heen, ujunaaji ujunaaji mooloyiiɓe nder leyɗe keediiɗe, hono Muritani e Alseri.
Kono nde wonnoo seɓɓitiiɓe ɓee fof njiidaa miijanteendi, haɓantooɓe jeytaare e jihaadiyankooɓe keli maalde mum en. He korse (suwee) e jolal (nowambar) 2012, ɓe pelɓondiri. jihaadiyankooɓe nawi raay, ɓe njaltini MNLA Gaawo e Tumbukutu e Kidaal e Menaaka. jihaadiyankooɓe kuurii haŋkadi he rewo Mali fof.
Ɓe lelni laawol “ sariya ” nder rewo Mali fof. Ko ndeen rewɓe mbaɗti larbeede so muurnaaki, tuumaaɓe « jinaa » piyee kaaƴe haa maaya, coñce karminaa, defterɗi nduppaa. Ɗum siftinii ko A.H. Bah wiyatnoo “ he Afirik so nayeejo maayii, ko defterdu sumi ”.
Gure nehaande mali, moɗti e segu
He siilo (saawiyee) 2013, jihaadiyankooɓe njaaɓani gure nehaande Mali, Segu e Moɓti. Ko ndeen Farayse naati he hare ndee, ɓe cuuti raay wolde “Serval”, innde konu maɓɓe naatirɗo he hare ndee. Leyɗe CEDEAO njanti e maɓɓe, woni he ngardiigu MISMA e innde ONU (« Mission internationale de soutien au Mali »/ Nelal winnderewal Ballal Mali). Keewal koninkooɓe Afiriknaaɓe yahii haa 8 000 soofaa. Leyɗe keewɗe tawtoraama haa arti e Caad (2 400) Nijeriya (1 200), Benin (650), Senegaal (500), Nijeer (500), Togo (500), Burkina Faso (500), Kodduwaar (500 e kaɓirɗe), Gine (144), Gaana (120). Caggal mum Burundi e Keniya naati heen. Tesko-ɗen noon Muritani jaɓaani neldude toon koninkooɓe.
Ɗoon he balɗe seeɗa, jihaadiyankooɓe njaltinaa Konna (rewo Moɓti) e Jabali, e Gaawo e Tumbukutu. Ɓe ndogi ɓe mooloyii nder kaaƴe rewo goɗɗuɗo. MNLA heɓti Kidaal. Junngo konu Caad yani e tuddunde maɓɓe to Tigargar, jihaadiyankooɓe ndogi, woodi heen yaltuɓe leydi Mali, woɗɓe keddii ina kaɓtoroo hare jaawe.
Nanondiral MNLA e laamu Mali
Yimɓe MNLA njokki hare, calii yaltude diiwal Kidaal. Ñalnde 18 korse (suwee) 2013 (Jonkunda Tarawore wonno Hooreejo Mali e mudda), Laamu Mali e MNLA ciifondiri nanondiral ganndiraangal Nanondiral Wagadugu (Accord de Ouagadougou). Ɗum hokki laamu fartaŋŋe haa njuɓɓudi laamu ruttii rewo, teeŋti e Kidaal. Ɓe mbaawi yuɓɓinde woote hooreleydaagal ñalnde 28 morso (suliyee) 2013. Ko ndeen ONU lelni MINUSMA, lomtii MISMA. Ko ndeen kadi Ibrahiima Bubakar Keyitaa suɓaa Hooreejo ñalnde 11 juko (ut) 2013.
Duuɓi ɗiɗi pawtii heen, kareeli puɗɗitii hakkunde konu Mali e seɓɓitiiɓe Tuwareg en e Aarabeeɓe Mali. Ɗuum ko he lewru duujal (mee) 2014. Mo woni fof fawti janfa he keddiiɗo oo, pirti nanondiral Wagadugu. Jeytaareyankooɓe ndiiwi kadi FAMa en njalti diiwal Kidaal fof, kam e huunde e diiwal Gaawo, hono Menaaka e Burem.
Tuwareg en wonduɓe e laamu Bamako tafi maalde nde ɓe inniri « Plateforme des mouvements du 14 juin 2014 d’Alger » (Dabi Dille 14 Suwee 2014 ɗi Alsee). Ɓe kuccini marfaaji maɓɓe e Jeytaareyankooɓe Tuwareg en renndunooɓe kadi he maalde hesere, « Coordination des mouvements de l’Azawad » (CMA / Jokkondiral Dille Asawad).
Caggal kareeli keewɗi, ɓe njooɗii he kaaldigal to Alsee, ɓe ciifi Nanondiral Alsee ñalnde 20 korse (suwee) 2015. Ngal nanondiral noon toɗɗii tan ko Tuwareg en hakkunde mum en. jihaadiyankooɓe njokki njannguuji mum en kono, nde wonnoo Tuwareg en njaltii hare ndee, doole jihaadiyankooɓe ngustii no feewi.
jihaadiyankooɓe nder Mali tarbinanii Dowla Lislaam rewrude e « État islamique dans le Grand Sahara », heddiiɓe, hono « Groupe de soutien à l’islam et aux musulmans » (GSIM / Goomu ngam Ballal Lislaam e Juulɓe) kuurii les « al-Qaïda”. Ɗii goomuuji ɗiɗi naatani felɓondirde hakkunde mum en.
He 2020, Hooreejo Mali Ibrahiima Bubakar Keyitaa follaa, sete konunkooɓe jooɗii e jappeere laamu he gardagol Bees Asimi Goyta. Ɓe ɓaditii Riis haa koninkooɓe Riis « Group Wagner » (Goomu Wagner) naati Mali he 2022. Koninkooɓe Afirik e Farayse ngeddi, njalti Mali.
Golwole koninkooɓe FAMa e Goomu Wagner ceedtinirii ko warngooji ƴiiƴiiji ɓesngu diiwe rewo, Tuwareg en, e Arabeeɓe (Safalɓe), e Fulɓe. Ina heen warngooji wuro Muura he lewru mbooy (marsa) 2022, e wiyde Amnesty International, waɗii siwil en waraaɓe (150 haa 500) e koninkooɓe 8. Ɗum ko caggal bonɗi baɗanooɗi he wuro Danngere Wootoro (fotde siwil en Fulɓe 18 mbaraa). Refti heen ko nde FAMa en e Wagneer njani e Hamboori mbari haa mbari 50 siwil en, rewɓe e bookoƴƴe. Ɗum fof ɓuri heewde hirsaaɓe ko Fulɓe. Nde ɗii warngooji kewi, tawi MINUSMA ina sara ɗoon kono faabaaki siwil en ɓee.
He 2023, e ballal Wagner konu FAMa en yani e Kidaal, ɓe keɓti wuro ngoo e diiwal ngal. Nii woni Nanondiral Alsee yaɓɓaama… ko ngal nanondiral hisnunoo Tuwareg en.
He 2024 fayde 2025, ɓuri seedtinde ko warngooji “siwil en” haa arti e gure Welingaraa e Abeybaara e Kawala e Jaafaraabe… teeŋti ɗoo kadi ko yooɓaade Fulɓe e Tuwareg en. Kono ko ndeen kadi Wagner e FAMa en poolaa to Tinsawateen he 2024, e Bulikeso he 2025, e Anumalaan he 2025 kadi. Ñalnde 25 Seeɗto (Abiril) 2026, jihaadiyankooɓe GSIM e Jeytaariyankooɓe FLA (Maalde Jeytaare Asawad) nanondiri. Ɓe kuutorii hare jaawe feewde e gure mawɗe hono Bamako (Laamorgo Mali), e Kati (sara Bamako), e Moɗti, e Sewaare, e Gaawo e Kidaal. Ko he njangu Kita ɓe njooɓii e nguu ñalngu njangu 25 seeɗto (abiriil) 2026, jihaadiyankooɓe ngadorii daakaa konunkooɓe FAMa en to wuro Kati, hedde kilooji 11 tan feewde Bamako. Ɓe njooɓii Bees Saajo Kamara laatinooɗo Jaagorgal Ndeenka, kam e gooto e rewɓe mum e ɓiyum.
Bees saajo kamara yooɓaama
FLA ɓuri haaɗtude ko he gure rewo ɗee, ɓe njooɗii Kidaal caggal nde ɓe nanondiri e Riisnaaɓe wontuɓe “Africa Corps” natti wiyeede Wagneer. Ɓe njalti Kidaal haa laaɓi. Hannde oo ko FLA jooɗii he Kidaal haa fiyi feggere.
Gila MINUSMA yalti Mali he maayirɗe 2023, warngooji siwil en ɓeydiima no feewi. Ko hare ndee fuɗɗii he 2012 haa jooni, ko ina tolnoo he 10 000 neɗɗo mbaraama, ina heen siwil en e seɓɓitiiɓe e koninkooɓe. Ɗum jibinii kadi fotde 575 000 dogɓe cuuɗoyii nder leyɗe mbadtiiɗe hono Muritani e Alseri, e wiyde Amnesty International.
Aamadu Malal Gey
Tesko : He tonngoode men faynde, maa en kumpit geɗe Maalde Wellitaare Asawad
