Ɓeeynirɗe tati duñooɗe e lebbi suwee-sulyee 2020 faade Mbaañ (Mars), njettiima toon e lewru feebariyee 2021 ɓennundu nduu. Heen ɓeeynirɗe ɗiɗi, ka Emiraat leyɗe Aarabeeɓe inniraaka “Yaakaare” e ka Siin (Tianwen-1) ngidii yettaade, nana taartoo Mbaañ, tataɓa kaa, hono “Perseverance” juuriima toon ñalnde 18 feebariyee 2021. Yah-ngartaa fof alaa ko nawi toon aadee so wonaa ƴeewde mbele toon ine hoɗoo… Jokku to hello 8
He lewru sulyee 2020, Fooyre yaltiniino winndannde tiitoriinde « Loskugol tagofeere Mbaañ (Mars) Ɓeeynirɗe tati (3) nduñii e mudda gooto ». Ine wiyanoo heen : « He ñalawma hannde oo, Mbaañ (Mars) woni tagofeere ɓurnde ƴameede e tagopeeje yuɓɓo naange. Ko ɗuum nii jeyi sabaabu, e nder yontere wootere, ɓeeynirɗe ɗiɗi ine neldee toon : ɓeeynirka Imaaraat Aarab inniraaka « Yaakaare », nduñanii toon ñalnde altine 20 suliyee 2020 ; ɓeeynirka Siin mbiyeteeka Tianwen-1 lottaama feewde toon ñalnde 23 sulyee (balɗe ɗiɗi fat ɓilii hakkunde ɗee ɓeeynirɗe !). Ɓeeynirka Dental Dowlaaji Amerik (DDA) ine foti duñande toon he maayirɗe suliyee 2020… Orop e Riisi kam enne ine tijjaa ɗoo e duuɓi ɗiɗi…»
Kisa, Ɓeeynirka DDA kaa werlaa faade Mars ko ñalnde 30 sulyee 2020. Ko ñalnde 18 feebariyee 2021 ka juurii he dow tagofeere woɗeere ndee (Mars). Ɓeeynirka Imaraat kaa naatii he yirlo (orbite) Mbaañ, ka leydi Siin kaa, yettiima toon ñalnde alarba 10 mars 2021, nana yirloo hade mum juuraade. Hono no tijjoranoo, kañje kala ɗe njettiima e sahaa eɓɓanooɗo oo, sahaa mo Mbaañ ɓuri ɓallaade Leydi oo. Ko jiidaa e ɗuum, laaɗe jeeɗiɗi (7) nani njirloo Mars : heen tati ko ɗe DDA, heen ɗiɗi ko Oropnaaje, e heen ngoota Inndonaare.
Juurnude deegowel he dow Mars, ko huunde saɗtunde no feewi. Ko ɗuum tagi en njiyii, hade Perseverance juuraade heen, tawi NASA tampii no feewi, haa ko hojomaaji 7 ko idii ngool juuragol inniraa « hojomaaji 7 kulol gido » (les sept minutes de la terreur).
He ooɗoo sahaa, ko DDA Amerik tan fuɗɗii juuraade toon, laabi jeetati, fuɗɗoraade he lappi ɗiɗi « Viking ». Wattindii juuraade toon, ko ɓeeynirka Perseverence, ñalnde 18 feebariyee 2021, ngam sunnaade mbele nguurndam ñillam ɓooyɗam meeɗii woodde toon, e roɓaade toon kaaƴe potɗe artireede he Leydi ngam loskeede.
Deegowel Perseverance ɗanngal NASA feewde Mbaañ
Deegowel Perseverance ngel jogii ko koyɗe 6. Ɓete maggel ko nii : 3 m njuuteendi, 2,7 m njaajeendi, 2,2 m tooweeki. Teddeendi maggel ko hedde 1 025 kg. A ngel wammbi kaɓirɗe 7 nganndiwal : ine heen kameraa to jubudu too, e ɓetirɗe wulɓuuɓdi, ɓayto, gaasuuji ɓurɗi anndeede, kam e radaar ƴeewirɗo cañuki lelngo leydi nderiiki. Kaɓirgal dowrowal ngal ko kameraa biyeteeɗo SuperCam baawɗo loskude cañuki kaaƴe ; o feewnaa ko to Toulouse to Farayse. Omo jogii junngo hattanngo hoore mum, waawngo ñiɓaade he leydi fotde 6 cm, itta toon ‘’santiyoŋaaji’’ potɗi artireede to Leydi. Perseverance maworii kadi mbibjeewel (elikopteeriyel inniraangel MHS, woni Mars Helicopter scout, hono laana ngadana kuutoraaka he dow tagofeere woɗnde ko wonaa Leydi. Ma ka ƴeewndore mbele laana ine waawi diwde e weeyo waango no weeyo Mars nii hoybude. Kono eɗen nganndi ko idii Perseverance ɓeeynirɗe ɗiɗi goɗɗe nana taartoo Mbaañ.
Eɓɓaande Mbaañ yaakaare !
Mbaañ Hope e Engeleere, walla Al-Amal e Aarabeere, maa Yaakaare e Pulaar, woni lappol ɓeeynirka Amiraaji Arab Dentuɗi (AAD) faade Mbaañ. Tooweeki ɓeeynirka kaa ko 2,9 m, njaajeendi makka ko 2,7 m. Ko ka njirlotooka ka 1 500 kg. Ka feewnaa ko to Dubai e ballondiral e Duɗal Jaaɓi haaɗtirde Colorado DDA.
Tianwen-1, njirleewa e ndeegoowa Siin
Tianwen-1 woni ɗimmol ngol Siin enndata juurnude ɓeeynirka he dow Mbaañ. Ngadana kaa jeyanoo ko he lappol Riisi ngol yaltaani nii hay yirlo Leydi. Tuugnorgal Siin ngal ina sirlaa no feewi, tee ine sikkaa jotondirde e konu. Laana kaa waɗii he bolol fotde lebbi jeeɗiɗi sibu ka duñi ko e lewru sulyee 2020, ka taccii 500 miliyoŋ kiloomeeteer yolnde. Ka juuroytoo he dow Mbaañ ko he lewru mee-suweŋ 2021. E ka rimndi fotde tonuuji 5 kaake, ine heen laana njirlatooka (orbiteur), laana njuurnoowa (atterrisseur), kam e ndeegoowa (rover) ka 240 kg. Ɗoo e ndeen maa njirlotooka kaa ƴettu nate Mbaañ boowal Utopia Planita, woni boowal jaajngal gonngal to feccere rewo, ngam maantaade nokku ɗo njuurotooka kaa fotata juuroyaade, tawa ko nokku bertiiɗo mo heewaani kaaƴe. So geɗe ɗee njahrii no feewi, ko Siin wonata leydi ɗimmiri juurnude huunde dow Mbaañ. He lewru desaambar 2020, lappol Chang’e 5 woni gadanol caggal kitaale 1970, artirde kaaƴe Lewru he Leydi. Siin idii fof juurnude ɓeeynirka he bannge Lewru birniiɗo oo, e hitaande 2019.
Ko goonga noon Ɓeeynirka DDA Amerik juuroriima no eɓɓiranoo nii he dow Mbaañ, ko goonga kadi hay so DDA juurnii toon laaɗe laabi jeenay, ɓe meeɗii ronkude ɗuum he hitaande 1999. Saɗeende ɓurnde mawnude he juuragol ngol, ko sabu weeyo Mbaañ leefde no feewi : weeyo Leydi ɓuri weeyo Mbaañ tekkude fotde laabi teemedere ! Ɗo laana kaa naatata he weeyo Mbaañ, njaaweendi mum ko 20 000 km/w, njaaweendi potndi niilnireede woogo, rewrude e paaraaji, kono kadi juuragol ngol ine waawi hawrude e geɗe bettuɗe, ɗe panndanooka. E fawaade e ɗuum, peeje keewɗe kuutoranooma e ndeegowon ngidikon Perseverance.
Mars (Mbaañ)
Mbaañ woni tagofeere yuɓɓo Naange nayaɓere to bannge ɓallagol Naange, kayre woni ɗimmere to bannge pamaram (feto e ñiso). Hakkunde mayre e Naange ko hedde 206,6 - 249,2 miliyoŋ kiloomeeteer. Ka taartotoo naange ko e balɗe 686,71 Leydi men ndii, walla balɗe 669,58 toon (to Mbaañ). Ko nde tagofeere kaaƴiire, woni tagofeere waɗnde kaaƴe e nduufdi nanndundi e Leydi men ndii, hono kadi no Merkiir (Mercure) e Wenis (Venus) nii. Leydi ine sowoo Mbaañ fotde laabi sappo, kono Mbaañ ine sowoo Lewru fotde laabi sappo kam ne. Mbaañ ina nanndi e Lewru to bannge gasɗe, jooli, ina nanndi e Leydi to bannge weeyo, e lare leydi, woni boorɗe (mboorkaaji), jolɓite/jooli (rifts), leslesi, tule ceene, ekn.
Tuugnorɗe galluɗe
l Ɓeeynirka DDA njuurinooka he Mbaañ e lewru noowammbar 2018, potnooka asde mbaañiri mum, ronkii waɗde ɗuum haa woni. Ɗum noon ngaal gollal woppaama caggal hitaande e feccere ko ka enndata ɗuum. Heddii ko maa ɓeeynirka kaa jokku golle goɗɗe ka fotnoo waɗde ɗee, ɗoo e duuɓi ɗiɗi : roɓindaade kabaruuji paatuɗi e yerɓo leydi (yerɓo mbaañiri) toon, walla kadi paatuɗi e ɓernde Mbaañ. Eɗen mbaawi wiyde wonaa ko NASA ummanii fof yuumta.
l Ngaari fisee SLS hookii !
Ko noon kadi, ñalnde 16 saawiyee 2021, NASA wonnoo ko e hoolkisaade motoraaji fisee ɓujo, doolnuɗo, baɗiraaɗo jolnude laana weeyo mbiyeteeka Orion, ngam ruttaade dow Lewru. Ɗumɗoon eɓɓaa ko e tuugnorgal biyeteengal Artemis. Motoraaji fiisee SLS oo (SLS = (Space Launch System), kuɓɓiino, kono ɓooytaani ñifi gila yontaani. Ɗoo ne kadi, golle NASA njuumtaani.
l Lappol Artemis 1 foti hoolkisoyaade fisee SLS oo goɗngol ko e maayirɗe 2021, kono o jolnataa hay neɗɗo gooto. Artemis 2 noon maa jolnu weeyeeɓe faade Lewru e hitaande 2023, kono juurotaako. Ko Artemis 3 jolnoyta weeyeeɓe 2 (heen gooto ko debbo), jippina ɗum en dow Lewru, e hitaande 2024, no ɓe mbiyiri. NASA ine anniyii caggal ɗuum, hedde 2030, mahde « tuddunde Artémis » dow lewru, so J. Biden e Cuuɗi sarɗi leydi ndii njaɓii yaltinde kaalis katojinaaɗo ngam ɗuum oo, hono capanɗe miliyaaruuji dolaar…
Perseverance juurnaa ko e wiiduru mbiyeteendu Jozero. E tuugnaade e faandaare ɗanngal ngal, so yiytude ɓarakke nguurndam ɓooyɗam, ɓeeynirka kaa juurnaa ko e nokku baɗɗo mbaañiri (leydi Mbaañ) ɓooyndi, taweteendi he nder ngaska kaa. Nguurndam ine woodnoo to Mbaañ ko ina wona duuɓi miliyaaruuji 3 e feccere haa 4, sahaa nde feeñi he Leydi men ndii. Oon sahaa, kañje tagopeeje ɗiɗi ɗee nanndunoo. Ndiyam ine woodnoo toon kadi. Ɗum noon loskude Jozero, ina yaakoraa ko toon nguurndam ɓooyɗam ɓurataa waawde taweede, ko toon kadi anndetee no ngonka kaa waanoo ndeen, sibu toon mbaañiri ɓooyndii tawetee. Idotoo ƴeeweede so ine woodnoo ko ɓarakke ndiyam, caggal ɗuum molekule (mooɓte) kullon ñillon, mbaɗkon karbon (hay sinno wonaa karbon fof woni maale nguurndam). Kono ngam anndude mbele ɗuum ummii ko e he nguurndam ine ɗaɓɓi losko luggo ngo waawaa waɗeede toon, ɗuum addani en artirde mbaañiri ndii gaa e Leydi ngam waɗde ngoon losko luggo.
Hol njuuteendi losko ngoo fof ? Lebbi 6 ngam yahde toon, duuɓi jeegom ngam ƴettude toon mbaañiri ndii, lappol goɗngol nana heblee ine wiyee Mars Orbiter potngal yahde toon laabi ɗiɗi, ƴetta mbaañiri ndi perseverance woppi toon ndii, ngam artirde ɗum he Leydi, ɗum noon maa yettinoy en hedde 2031.
