Bookara Aamadu Bah, hooreejo Fedde Ɓamtaare Pulaar he Muritani (FƁPM), hooreejo saakto jaaynde Fooyre Ɓamtaare : « Tippudi Nehdi e Jaŋde men yettiima nokku mo waawaa jaastude, ndi yettiima fonngo ».
Le Calame : On tawtoraama ñalɗi diisnondiral ngenndiiji paatuɗi e mbayliigu nehdi e jaŋde, joofɗi ñalnde 20 noowammbar. Hol no njiy-ɗaa geɗe ɗee caggal ɗuum ?
Bookara Aamadu Bah : Ko idii fof, miɗo jaara jaaynde Le Calame sabu mum rokkude mi fartaŋŋe haalde he toɓɓere waande no mbayliigu tippudi nehdi e jaŋde nii himmande leydi men. E jaati, Fedde Ɓamtaare Pulaar he Muritani (FƁPM) tawtoraama ɗii ñalɗi diisnondiral wondude e pelle jahdiije, hono Fedde Ɓamtaare Ɗemngal e Pinal Sooninke (AMPLCS) e Fedde Ɓamtaare Ɗemngal Wolof (APROLAWO), dentuɗe he nder Jokkorde pelle pinal. E sifaa kuuɓtodinɗo, min njaltii e ñalɗi ɗii amin mbeltii, sabu tawtoregol amen addanii min jaɓnude yimɓe heewɓe dallinannde amen faatunde e ɗemɗe ngenndiije. E miijo amen, taaɓal mawngal taaɓaama feewde e compugol tippudi nehdi e jaŋde ɓurndi nanondireede, ɓurndi fotde (nuunɗude), tawi denndaangal gollooɓe ko faati e jaŋde ine tawtoraa.
Le Calame : Hol taaɓe baɗaaɗe faade yeeso walla caggal ɗe teski-ɗaa caggal ɗii ñalɗi diisnondiral ?
Bookara Aamadu Bah : Ko yahraa caggal ? Tippudi Nehdi e Jaŋde men waawaa jaastude ɗo yettii hannde ɗoo, ndi yettiima fonngo ! Ɓur-ɗen teskaade ko taaɓe faade yeeso, wondude e pellital ɓurngal mawnude yiɗde yaltinde jaŋde men ndee nduu iiñcuru, gila noon to bannge peeje, haa to bannge teeŋtingol won ɗeen piɓle kimmuɗe. Ko ngol woni go’o ko mbayliigu TNJ heblaa he nder dumunna baaɗo nii juutde, tawi denndaangal gollooɓe ine tawtoraa heen. Ngoowno-ɗen ko mbayliigaaji bifteteeɗi he nder suuɗaare, tawi kadi addi ɗum en ko iiñce. Ellee nguu mbayliigu tuugii ko e piɓle ɗiɗi : waɗde nuunɗal e potal fartaŋŋeeji he nder njiylawu ganndal, kam e gootiɗingol tippudi nehdi e jaŋde ndee.
E fawaade he ciimtol kuuɓtodingol ngol, Duɗal Ɗemɗe ngenndiije pirtanoongal ngal, jejjitanoongal ngal maa wuurtine. E miijo maa, mbele sarɗiyeeji majjum ine kuuɓi ngam yettaade faandaare ndee ? Walla hol sarɗiyeeji potɗi huuɓneede haa ngal waawa gollaade ?
E lewru oktoobar 1979, nde Goomu Kooninkooɓe Daraniingu Kisal Ngenndi (GKKN) jogii jaambaraagal sosde Duɗal ɗemɗe ngenndiije (DƊNG), halfini ɗum ƴeewndaade ɗemɗe ngenndiije pulaar, sooninke e wolof ngam naatnugol mum en he nder tippudi nehdi e jaŋde ndii, hay huunde woodaano ɗo waawi tuugeede. Ko pellital nuunɗungal tan (huunde nde famɗaani) woodnoo ngam toŋtude ɗemɗe men kala he tolno gooto, hono no wiyraa he nder ciimtol batu GKKN tuggi 8 haa 18 oktoobar 1979, so pellital lelnude TNJ tuugiindi he « laawɗingol ɗemɗe men ngenndiije ɗee kala », … cosgol Duɗal binndugol e ƴellitgol ɗemɗe ngenndiije », « janngingol he nder ɗemɗe men ngenndiije, potɗe udditoyde dame ɗe ɗemngal ngenndiwal ngala, hono arab, udditi ɗee ». Caggal nde DƊNG gollii tuggi 1980 haa 1988, golle maggal ɓetaama laabi tati (ɓetooji Breda-Unesco ɗiɗi e hitaande 1982 e 1984) e ɓeto jaagordu jaŋde e hitaande 1988. Ɗii ɓetooji kala kollii juumtugol ƴeewndo ngoo, mbasiyii kuuɓtodingol jaŋde he nder ɗemɗe ngenndiije. E tuugnaade e golle DƊNG ɓennungal ngal gollii ɗee, eɗen mbaawi wiyde wonde, sarɗiiji ɗii fof timmii gila hitaande 1986, ngam huuɓtodinde jaŋde e nder ƊNG. Hannde, Duɗal ɗemɗe kesal ngal ine waawi naftoraade denndaangal humpito DƊNG ngala. Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e jagge gollinooɗe heen (huufo, jannginooɓe…) ine nguuri, tee ine ngolloo he nder pelle pinal tati kaalaaɗe dow ɗee. So Duɗal kesal ngal naftoriima ɓe, maa ngal waaw faggitaade ko gollanoo koo, ngal hesɗitina ndonaandi DƊNG ndeen ngal, ngam timminde, e nder dumunna daɓɓo, e huuɓtodinde jaŋde e nder ɗemɗe ngenndiije pulaar, sooninke e wolof.
Peew-ɗen ko e laawɗingol e naatnugol ɗemɗe ngenndiije pulaar, sooninke e wolof, he nder TNJ. Hol darnde ɗe ndaroytoo sara arab ? Haala paatuka e binndirgol ɗee ɗemɗe alkule arab walla lateŋ diwtaama walla ?
Hono no winndiraa he nder ciimtol kuɓtodinngol diisnondire ɗee nii : « So tuugnaama e maande ngenndi men, hono : teddungal, ɓinngu-yummaagu, nuunɗal, ɗemɗe men kala poti ». Ɗum noon, kañje poti fotde hiisa he nder laabi sariya ɗii kala, haa teeŋti he nder Doosgal leydi ndii. Ko ɗuum nii addani pelle pinal ɗee ɗaɓɓude laawɗingol majje no ɗemngal ngenndiwal ngala nii, hono arab. Ndeke, no mbiyru-ɗaa nii, ɗemɗe ngenndiije keddiiɗe ɗee ine poti laawɗineede ; ngool laawɗingol maa hollit pellital laamu nguu ɓamtude ɗe, e fotndude ɗe, hay sinno ko he nder laabi sariya men tan.
Eɗen nganndi ine jeyanoo e dalillaaji ɗi Jaagordu Nehdi e Jaŋde Ngenndi tuuginoo e hitaande 1987 ngam haaɗnude ƴeewndo ngoo e tolno jaŋde lesre ndee, ko ŋakkeende binndaaɗe sariya woodde. E hitaande 1999, nde laamu nguu felliti dartinde ngoo humpito alɗungo, ko yamiroore politik tan ƴetti. Ɗum noon, laawɗingol ngol ina gaddoo laatagol, walla kam maa saɗtin jahrugol caggal. Waɗde, hol darnde ɗemɗe ngenndiije keddiiɗe ɗee ndarotoo sara arab ? Kañje kala aɗe poti wonde ɗemɗe janngirɗe e paggorɗe ganndal. Muritaninaajo kala ine foti janngude fannuuji ganndal ɗii kala he nder ɗemngal mum neeniwal, hono no haralleeɓe jaŋde mbiyri nii, kono kadi mbele haŋkati potal fartaŋŋeeji ine laatoo nder ɗaɓɓugol ganndal.
Bannge goɗɗo oo, mi sikkaani so haala binndol ɗemɗe ɗee haalaama he nder ñalɗi diisnondiral ɗii. Ka jeyaaka kam e ngoƴaaji jaagordu jaŋde nduu, tee, wonande pelle ɗemɗe ɗee, kaan haala ko diwtaaka ko ɓooyi.
E sahaa mo leyɗe goɗɗe nduttantoo huunde e ɗemɗe winndereeje, yeru engele, enen ellee tiindi-ɗen ko e janngingol nganndiwal e hiisiwal … he nder arab. Ɗum wonaa yahrude caggal ?
Ko goonga, hannde, he nder winndere ndee, ko engele woni ɗemngal dowrowal to bannge kumpital e golle. Ko kanngal kadi ardii, to pucci ndogata, ɗemɗe ganndiwal ɗee fof, kanngal kadi woni ɗemngal neeniwal tataɓal so sinuwaa e españool ɓennii. Kono tan, wonande jaŋde diiñorde (jaŋde lesre), mi sikkaani so tawii teeɗannde winndere ndee hannde ko kuutoragol ɗemɗe tumarankooɓe he nder politikaaji ngenndiiji cuɓagol ɗemɗe jaŋde. Ko waawi heen wonde fof, Banke moñnjaal ine tinndina en wonde : « So sukaaɓe puɗɗoriima jaŋde he nder ɗemngal ngal paamata, ko ndeen ɓe ɓurata dañde ganndal, ko ndeen ɓe ɓurata waawde ɗemɗe goɗɗe, ko ndeen ɓe ɓurata ƴellitaade he nder fannuuji goɗɗi, ko wayi no hiisiwal e siyaas (nganndiwe), ko ndeen ɓe ɓurata hattande jokkude jaŋde maɓɓe, ko ndeen kadi ɓe keɓata jaŋde yahdunde e pinal maɓɓe kam e ngonka nokkuuji maɓɓe. maa ɗum wallu kadi lelnugol diiñorɗe juumtuɗe wonande maroygol ɗemngal ɗimmal he nder ekkol. Politik juumtuɗo ko faati e ɗemngal janngirgal ine wallita paggagol gannde he nder silsil jaŋde, ine usta fereeje leydi ferotoo he almuudo kala, e nder ɗuum, ina addana leydi moƴƴinde kuutoragol ngaluuji mum haa waawa yaajtinde keɓagol nehdi e jaŋde moƴƴiri wonande sukaaɓe fof.
Ine winndaa he nder « kuule mbayliigu » gonɗe he ciimtol kuuɓtodinngol ñalɗi diisnondiral ngal : « He fuɗɗoode jaŋde, gannde siyaas kadi waɗetee ko he ɗemɗe ngenndiije ngam gaddaade paggagol moƴƴol gannde e reenaade waɗde sukaaɓe ɓee he nder caɗeele ɗiɗi laawol gootol, so margol ɗemngal janngirgal e dolgol loowdi ko janngetee koo ».
Huutoraade ɗemɗe neeniije, haa teeŋti he nder jaŋde diiñorde (leslesre) wonaa roondtaade kuccam, kono ine yahdi tigi e wasiyaaji haralleeɓe TNJ. Ine anndaa ɓuri moƴƴude e naatooɓe jaŋde ko fuɗɗoraade ɗemɗe mum en neeniije, haa teeŋti wonande nganndine e hiisiwal. Ndeke, so ɗuum rewaama, pot-ɗen ko huccande jaŋde nganndine ɗee e hiisiwal, he nder ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee, hono arab, pulaar, sooninke e wolof, hay sinno noon ko haa joofirde jaŋde lesre ndee. Kono kadi, eɗen poti naatnude jaŋde ɗemngal farayse e engele law, mbele sukaaɓe ɓee ina mbaawa ɗigginde ɗe, ɓe naftoroo ɗe he nder soklaaji udditaare e jaŋde luggiɗnde gannde.
Gooto e daɗnooɓe Inaal, ine wiyee Muhammadu Sih, joofiima (fenaande to bannge ɗemɗe ». E miijo maa, aɗa sikki sukaaɓe muritaninaaɓe maa potoy fartaŋŋeeji so njahii ekkol ? Mbele nguu mbayliigu kesu maa wallit tiiɗtinde ngootaagu ngenndi e mahondiral renndo.
Ko ɗum nduwi-ɗen, tee ko ɗuum woni faandaare men e darnde ɓamtugol ɗemɗe ngenndiije (ƊNG). E miijo am, naatnugol jaŋde ɗemɗe ngenndiije tati keddiiɗe ɗee, sikke alaa heen maa wallit potal fartaŋŋeeji e nuunɗal nder paggagol ganndal, he raɓɓiɗinaade, maa ɗum ɓeydu nuunɗal hakkunde ɗemɗe nder ekkol. Guurtingol DƊNG kadi maa wallit ɓamtaare ɗemɗe ɗee fof. Ko kuulal potngal ƴetteede ngam semmbinde nuunɗal hakkunde ɗemɗe, ko laawɗingol ɗemɗe ngenndiije tati keddiiɗe ɗee, kam e naatnugol mum en he nder denndaangal ceŋɗe nguurndam leydi ndii. Hono no eɓɓiraa nii, jaŋde ɗemɗe ɗee maa addan cukalel kala janngirde ɗemngal mum neeniwal, kono kadi maa janngu ko famɗi fof ɗemngal ngenndiwal goɗngal. Eɗen njenanaa ɗuum maa tiiɗtin ngootaagu ngenndi sibu muritaninaaɓe kala maa mbaɗtu nanondirde, tee gooto heen kala ine anndi hakke ɗemnal mum hisnaama.
Njeye-ɗaa ko e wiyooɓe hol ko haɗi laamu nguu fadde haa kaaldigal politik pewjeteengal ngam yiylaade nanondiral ngenndiwal paatungal e jaŋde, sibu ekkol ko toɓɓere politik no feewi ?
Alaa. Feere rewaande haa jooni ndee waawii addannde gollooɓe e nokku nehdi e jaŋde yuurnaade, he teeyre, banngeeji karallaagal geɗe jaŋde. Njeñtudi ɓe kawri ndii maa addan hoohooɓe politik ƴettude peeje politik e tuugnaade e geɗe ɓurɗe laaɓtude.
E tuugnaade e ciimtol cakkitol ngol, mbele e miijo maa tiindi-ɗen tigi rigi ko e ekkol ndenndaandi mo Hooreejo leydi oo, hono wul Gaswaani yiɗi sompude oo ?
Ko taaɓal. Ciimtol ngol tan waawaa gaddaade wonde tiindi-ɗen goonga-goonga ko e ekkol ndenndaandi, sibu njahraten tawo ko e haala e anniyaaji. Alaa e sago miijooji ɗii ciynee, tee ko ɗuum fof ɓuri tiiɗde. Ɗum ɗoon noon ine ɗaɓɓi pellital waɗde mbayliigaaji luggi e tolnooji hee kala, gila to bannge peeje haa yettii yimɓe ɓee e koye mum en. Ndeke en mbaawaa ñaawde ɗum jooni, ko law.
Aɗa waawi siftinde seeɗa ko heɓanoo e DƊNG ? Paggitagol majjum maa waaw yaawnude guttitgol maggal ?
Duɗal Ɗemɗe Ngenndiije (DƊNG) sosaa ko e hitaande 1979, halfinaa donngal « yuɓɓinde, jokkondirde et ƴellitde denndaangal wiɗtooji ciynaaɗi wonande denndaangal Ɗemɗe Ngenndiije. He nder ɗuum, o halfinaa, e daawal gadanal ngal, ko heblude naatnugol ɗemɗe Pulaar, Sooninke e Wolof he nder jaŋde, heblude gollotooɓe e feewnude kaɓirɗe jannginirɗe, wiɗtude baɗte naatnugol ngol to bannge golle e ngalu, kam e caɗeele garduɗe e kuutoragol ɗee ɗemɗe nder fannuuji mum kuutorteeɗi (ɗemɗe jaŋde, ɗemɗe kabrugol e kumpital, ɗemɗe faggudu e golle, ekn.) ».
Caggal duuɓi 2 heblo (peewnitagol, heblo jannginooɓe, wiɗtooji renndo-ɗemɗiiji, peewnugol defte…), duɗal ngal fuɗɗii ƴeewndagol jaŋde he nder ƊNG. Tuggi 1982 haa 1988, ɗemɗe ngenndiije pulaar, sooninke e wolof naatniraa no ɗemɗe garwaniije nii, ɗemɗe janngirɗe fannuuji gannde he nder tolno lesleso oo no diidorinoo ; arab janngiraa heen no ɗemngal ɗimmal. Breida (Biro Unesco jooɗiingo to Ndakaaru) horii ngoo ƴeewndo e kitaale 1982 e 1984, kadi Jaagordu Jaŋde horii ngo e hitaande 1988 (hakindo heɓaango e horooji ɗii : 75%). Ɗii ɓetooji kala njeñtudi mum en ko ngootiri, wonde ƴeewndo ngoo yuumtii no moƴƴi, ɗi mbasiyii kuuɓtodingol jaŋde he nder ɗemɗe ngenndiije pulaar, sooninke e wolof.
E sifaa kuuɓtodinɗo, sukaaɓe yaltunooɓe e ngoo ƴeewndo, mbaawii jokkude jaŋde mum en hakkundeere e toownde nder newaare. Hannde, yoga e maɓɓe ko jagge toowɗe (aasiñoruuji, doktoreeɓe ekn.). Miin e hoore am mi jannginii won e maɓɓe hiisiwal to Liisee Surgaaɓe 2 (to wonnoo Kolees Surgaaɓe ndeen) : e kuuɓal, kamɓe ɓurnoo almuɓɓe arduɓe jaŋde aadoraande ndee waawde farayse (kamɓe fof e janngude ɗum duuɓi ɗiɗi fat, e hitaande 5ɓere e 6ɓere jaŋde lesre), kadi ine hasii kamɓe ɓuri ƴellitaade e fannuuji nganndiwal ɗii (eɗen ciftora gooto e maɓɓe ariino hoore bakkaa hiisiwal caggal ɗuum).
He nder ngoo ƴeewndo, njiylawuuji keewɗi mbaɗaama ngam ƴellitde ɗemɗe ngenndiije ɗee, paatuɗi he kelmeendi (jaŋde, hiisiwal, nguurɗiwal, celluka, ɗemɗiyaagal, daartol, ganndal leydi, keleendi sato duɗe, politik, njuɓɓudi huufo, ñaawoore, cellal, senaare, ngaynaaka ekn.)
E hitaande 1985, pulaar, sooninke e wolof njannginiraa sukaaɓe safaɓe no ɗemngal ɗimmal nii, he nder won e duɗe, e mbaadi ƴeewndo. Sukaaɓe safalɓe ɓee njaɓɓii ɗum no feewi, njeñtudi moƴƴiri leelaani rewi heen. Kono Jaagordu Nehdi e Jaŋde yamiri yo ɗum dartine, tee hay gooto anndaa ko saabii ɗum.
Ƴetti haala kaa ko Dalay Lam
Jokku he Farayse hello faango ….
