Oson ko edda henndu (gaas) taweteendu ko ɓuri heewde hakkunde kiloomeeteruuji 20 fayi 50, dow leydi. Ɗoon wiyetee laral oson. Ine jeyaa e nafooje maggal faddanaade en caafe Naange biyeteeɗe caafe UV (Ultra Violet), ɗe nganndu-ɗaa so keewii, moƴƴaani he nguru neɗɗo, walla nii ina mbaawi addande ɗum nguɗu ɓalndu.
“ Wuddere nder laral oson, woni geɗal bajjal ceɓorngal he gagga mbayliigu ngonka weeyo ”.
Nana wona duuɓi 30 ko leyɗeele winndere ndee kawrunoo to Riyo, ɓe inniri kawral ngal « Kawrital Leydi ». Wonnoo fanndaare ndee ko yeewtude ko faati e caɗeele taariindi. Ine jeyaa heen toɓɓere heewtunde hakkillaaji dowlaaji he ɗiin duuɓi : « wuddere laral oson ». Duuɓi Caggal ɗuum, e sahaa mo « Kawrital Leydi 2022 » fusi batu mum ñalnde aljumaa 3 suweŋ 2022 ɓennuɗo oo, ko ndee toɓɓere wootere faatunde e caɗeele baylagol ngonka weeyo, yahri yeeso. Ndee toɓɓere noon, oɗon nganndunoo kam ine jotondiri e filsideer mon ?
He hitaande 1985 ganndineeɓe (annduɓe) 3 wiyeteeɓe Joe Farma, Brian Gardiner e Jonathan Shanklin caakti winndannde he jaaynde mawnde ine wiyee Nature ngam hollitde jiytal mum en. Ngaal jiytal ko « wuddere feeñii he nder laral oson, dow Antarktik, tee ndeen wuddere no ɓeydortoo yaajde hitaande kala nii, ine faayni no feewi ».
Ciftinen tan, laral oson wayi e Leydi men ndii nii ko no warwarde nde yiyotaako huuriinde dow leydi men ndii. Ko kayre ndee warwarde moɗata caafe nganndiraaɗe UV (Ultra Violet) ummortooɗo he naange, bonɗe e nguurndam. So wonaano kayre, nguurndam dow Leydi aaɓnotaako.
Kamɓe annduɓe ɓee, ɓe tellini naamne keewɗe, kono ko heen gootal ɓuri teeŋtude : Hol ko waɗi laral Leydi ngal ine ustoo ? Annduɓe njaabtinooma ngal naamnal duuɓi 10 ko adii jooni. Gila 1974, annduɓe wiyeteeɓe Sherwood Rowland e Mario Molina ndallinii tanaaji coomiiɗi he gaasuuji biyeteeɗi ‘chlorofluorocarbures’ (CFC) wonande laral oson. E oon sahaa, ɗiin gaasuuji ine keewi no feewi he nder geɗe kuutorteeɗe e nder galleeji yimɓe, ko wayi no filsideeruuji, kilimatiseeruuji, walla e filtoksuuji. Kono nde ɓee annduɓe caakti jiytal mum en, ɗoon e ɗoon feewnooɓe ɗee geɗe ɓee, njeddi, calii teskaade ko ɓe kaali koo. Ko maa wuddere ndee yiytaa he nder laral oson ngal, nde wiɗtooji goɗɗi mbaɗaa, caggal ɗuum haala maɓɓe goongɗinaa.
Hankadi heddii yimɓe ine ndoga : he 1987, hono duuɓi ɗiɗi caggal jiytal ngal, 30 dowla ciifi nanondiral Monreyaal (Montréal). Faandaare ngaal nanondiral ko ustude no feewi peewnugol gaasuuji CFC. Ngal nafii no feewi, sibu he kitaale 1980, fotde 800 000 ton CFC ine peewnetenoo hitaande kala ; e kitaale 2 000 tawi artii e 0 (ɓolum) walla kam timmaaji ton hitaande kala.
Ko jiidaa e ɗuum, geɗe goɗɗe bonnooje ɓeydaa he nanondiral Montréal ngal, leyɗeele keewɗe kadi naati heen : e hitaande 2009, fotde 196 leydi ciifii nanondiral ngal. Ngal nootaama no feewi ! Kono gasaani tawo, sibu maa ɗoo e duuɓi 40 (hedde 2060) nde ko ɓuri heewde e ɗii gaasuuji bonɗi ngasata he nder weeyo, ko ndeen wuddere ndee waawata hankati sukkaade. Ɗo gaasuuji ɗii natti feewneede ɗoo, eɗi keddoo fotde duuɓi 50 he nder weeyo hade majji majjude.
E ñalawma hannde oo, teskaama wuddere ndee nattii ɓeydaade : huunde moƴƴere sanne. Nasa hollitii wonde, so nanondiral Montréal ngal ɗooftanooka, laral oson ngal wattintunoo ko saayde haa laaɓa. Baɓte ɗuum ko caafe UV ummotooɗe e naange ɗee maa njettotono Leydi, njana he yimɓe, mbonna guri ɓalli mum en haa wontana ɗum en nguɗuuji guri ɓalli.
Baɗte kawjugol ngonka weeyo
Duuɓi 35 caggal ciifgol nanondiral Montreal, eɗen poti naamnitaade hol ko tagi en ndañaani ko wayi noon wonande Nanondire Pari (Accords de Paris) ?
E wiyde ganndo gooto, geɗe toɗɗaade he Nanondiral Pari ngal ɓuri hittude, sibu ngal toɗɗii ko ustugol gaas ƴulɓo (CO2) : « Feewnatnooɓe CFC ɓee, nde tawnoo keewraano noon fof, (fotde sappo fat), ine newinoo jokkondirde e mum en ngam jaɓnude ɗum en, e wallude ɗum en yiylaade ko ɓe lomtinirta ɗii gaasuuji ɗi moƴƴaani. Wonande gaas ƴulɓo (CO2) walla metaan (méthane), hono gaasuuji ɓeydooji nguleeki weeyo, geɗe ɗee ɓuri hittude, sibu gooto e men kala ine yaltina ɗii gaasuuji, waɗde ko alaa e sago neɗɗo kala ɗo woni he dow Leydi ndii, maa wayla jikku mum, ndaa ɗuum ɓuri hittude to woɗɗi. Wonaa tan feewnooɓe sappo paamintee, ko neɗɗo kala, ko leydi kala foti waylude jikkuuji mum. »
Baylagol ngonka weeyo ine waawi battinde e laral oson. Wuddere laral oson ko geɗal teeŋtungal potngal waɗteede hakkille no feewi duuɓi paaɗi ɗii.
Ngonka weeyo meeɗaa seerde e waylaade ; ko goonga. Naange, dirtugol doŋe walla worwordu Ngaawe (Leydi) ine mbayla nguleeki weeyo nder miliyoŋaaji walla nii miliyaaruuji miliyaaruuji kitaale. Kono hono gultugol hannde ngol meeɗaaka seedeede, alla e maggol yaawde. Geɗe kaalaaɗe dow ɗee fof, hay heen gootal waawaa saabaade gultugol jooni ngol ; ko golle aadee tan mbaawnoo ɗum saabaade. Ko neɗɗo tan waawi waylirde nii ngonka weeyo he nder duuɓi capanɗe fat. E ko ɓuri teeŋtude, e nder duuɓi 30 tan !
Bookara Aamadu Bah
Caafe UV
Caafe UV (Ultra Violet he Farayse), walla mbiyen “ Caafe Dow Murfe ” he Pulaar, ko caafe ɗe njiyotaako e yitere mehre. Aɗe mbaawi feeñande yitere rewrude e goɗɗum, ko wayi no jalbingol walla kaɓirɗe keeriiɗe. “ Ultra ” firti ko “ Dow ”, Violet ko noordi, wayi ko no wiyde Ndaneeri, Mboɗeeri… Won wiyooɓe ɗum « Murfeeri ». Ɗum noon, « Ultra Violet » ko « Dow Murfo ».
Lampaaji (ampulaaji) gaadoraaɗi ɗii ko UV seeɗa njaltinta, kono UV ine keewi he nder caafe naange. Yiyti ɗee caafe ko Ɓalliyeejo almaañnaajo ine wiyee Johann Wilhelm Ritter, e hitaande 1801.
Laral Oson
Oson (Ozone : O3) ko edda henndu ɓurndu heewde taweede hakkunde kiloomeeteruuji 20 fayi 50 dow leydi. Ɗoon wiyetee laral oson. Nafoore maggal ko faddanaade en caafe Naange biyeteeɗe caafe UV (Ultra Violet), ɗe nganndu-ɗaa so keewii, moƴƴaani he nguru neɗɗo, walla nii ina mbaawi addande ɗum nguɗu ɓalndu. Ngaal laral noon tawanooma, gila e kitaale 1970, ine waɗi wuddere. Oon sahaa dowlaaji winndere ndee ƴetti feere dartinde peewnugol geɗe caabiiɗe wuddere ndee, geɗe peewnirteeɗe gaasuuji kuutorteeɗi he filsideeruuji, kilimaaji… E ooɗoo sahaa teskaama ndeen feere ƴettanoonde battinii, sibu wuddere ndee nana sukkoo…
To leyɗe ɗo naange heewaani, yimɓe ine keewi saaɗnaade he naange ngam sooyɗinaade (bronzer) : ko caafe dow murfe ɗee cooyɗinta ɓalli maɓɓe. Caafe dow murfo ine mbaawi saabaade nguɗu (kaaseer) nguru so tawii keewii haa ɓurti, aɗe mbaawi naywina ɗum (ñormbolli ɓanndu), ɗe cuma ɗum. Kono aɗe nafa neɗɗo so tawii ɗe keewaani, kadi ɗe ngardii seeɗa seeɗa.
