Ko ñalnde 7 abriil 1994, warngooji mumto-leñol jaayɗi puɗɗinoo to Ruwannda. Ɗiin warngooji ngonaa warngooji sabu wolde, alaa. Ko warngooji juɓɓinaaɗi, keblaaɗi, kuuɓtodinɗi, jaawɗi ; sibu, e nder lebbi jeegom fat, ɗi njooɓiima miliyoŋ fittaandu aadee. Hujja peeñɗo (mo wonaa goonga goonga oo) ko liɓgol abiyoŋ ɗo gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi oo, hono Juwenal Abiyaarimanaa, jolnoo. Eɗen nganndi caggal ɗuum, maalde wiyeteende FPR (Front Patriotique Rwandais), e gardagol Pool Kagame (Paul Kagame) heɓtii leydi ndii, dartinii warngooji ɗii, darii e safrude ñawannde hakkunde leƴƴi leydi ndii, hakkunde Utu en e Tutsi en. Nder ɗuum, laamu Ruwannda haa hannde seeraani e joopaade leyɗe Belsik e Farayse, haa teeŋti noon e Farayse, ngam wiyde ina njeyaa e saabiiɓe, walla kam nooyniiɓe warngooji ɗii. Laamuuji Farayse ceeraani e yeddude ɗuum, hay sinno won koninkooɓe e annduɓe Faraysenaaɓe ngoongɗini ndeen takkere. Hannde boom, walla nii gila e laamu Sarkosi, Farayse heɓtinii « won juume » mbaɗaa, walla nii woni ko e heɓtinde ko Pool Kagame seeraani e yooɓtoraade ɗum en koo, sibu hikka, Emanuwel Makron, persidaa Farayse, waɗii ñalngu 7 abriil nguu, hankadi ñalngu mawninteengu to Farayse hitaande kala ngam siftorde ngoo mumto-leñol.
Enen ne kadi, waɗi en rokkude nguu kewu himme, ko sabu mum wonde kewu maantinngu e winndere ndee kala, kono kadi, ko sabu mum wonde ngoƴa men toowɗo hannde. Waɗi noon ko warngooji jaajɗi kewnooɗi e Muritani e kitaale 1990-1991, e maale peeñɗe joñgol won e leƴƴi e nder leydi hee, mumtogol mum en e njuɓɓudi laamu e konu e doole kisal leydi ndii. Ko sabu kadi ko kewi ko ɓooyaani koo to Ogosago to Mali koo… Sunnaade sababuuji gadduɗi oo musiiba e faamde ɗum en, ma a taw maa addan en faddaade boomaare waynde no boomaare heɓtiinde Tutsi en ndee…Warngooji Tutsi en puɗɗii to Ruwannda ko e lewru abriil 1994 (7 abriil), ɗi ndartoyii ko e sulyee 1994 (hedde 17 sulyee). Ɗum wonaa wolde hakkunde leƴƴi, ko warngo ngo laamu leydi ndii, ngonnoongu e juuɗe Utu en, yuɓɓini, hebli, siyni. Hakkunde 800 000 e 1 000 000 Tutsi e Utu en hakindiiɓe (woni saliiɓe warngooji ɗii) mbaraa heen. Warhooreeji leñol ganndaaɗi ɗii kala, ko kanngo woni ɓurngo yaawde, sibu ko e daawal lebbi seeɗa fat. Kala nde 7 abril arti, Ruwannda ina mawnina ñalng nguu.
Warngooji keewɗi goɗɗi mbaɗanooma ko idii ɗuum, no annama jarribooji nii walla reftooji nii. Ko ɗuum tagi, warngo huuɓtodinngo ngoo wayi ko no ciynugol jarribooji ɗii, faandaare mum ko « muntude leñol » nii. Ko hono noon kadi warhooreeji leƴƴi goɗɗi ganndaaɗi ɗii njahri, yeru warhoore Yahuud en, walla mo Armeninaaɓe.
Wiɗtude, jannga no ɗii warngooji ngardi e no ɗi ciyniraa, ko huunde himmude ngam haɗtude ɗum en waɗtude, walla waɗde. Hannde, caggal ko kewnoo Muritani e kitaale 90-91, caggal warngo Ogosagu to Mali, e fawaade kadi ko woni to Gine e Burkinaa, ngenndiyankooɓe kala ina poti jeertaade e ngonka won ɗiin leƴƴi, haa arti noon e ngonka Fulɓe e nder ɗee leyɗe limtaaɗe. Fulɓe e koye mum en ina poti waɗtude hakkille, ngardina miijo, ƴeewtoo no moƴƴi nguurndam mum en, ngam suraade e hono ɗuum.
Warhoore leñol oo ardaani nii tan. Hono no warhoore Armeni en e hitaande 1915 nii, ngo idorii ko warngooji keewɗi yimɓe heewɓe capanɗe hitaande ko adii ɗuum. Hono no Shoah e hitaande 1941 nii, ngo idorii ko keblugol hakkillaaji. E nder Almaañ Hitleer, yahuud en tooñirtenoo ko « doombi ». E onndoji rajooji Mil Kolin (Mille colline), Tutsi en mbiyetenoo ko « booti ». Ɗum fof ko bonnitde joom mum en, haa waɗta ɗum en no jawdi nii, itta neɗɗaagu mum en, warde ɗum en ɓeydoo newaade maa dagaade…
Eɓɓaande warngo ndee siynaaka e ñalawma gooto. Hutu en seɓɓitiiɓe ɓee, puɗɗorii ko ittude kala kaɗooje walla paddooje, e riiwde kala ko waawi seedtaade golle bonɗe ɓe keblata ɗee. Ko ɗum tagi ɓe idorii ko warde soldateeɓe 10 belsenaaɓe, ɓe owni beeli 2 500 koninke Fedde ngenndiije (casques bleus en) ; ɗuum addani Goomu Kisal fedde ndee, ƴettude feere gacce, feere ɓurnde hersinaande nde Fedde NGenndiije Dentuɗe ((F.NG.D.)) meeɗi ƴettude, so ittude to Ruwannda denndaangal soldeteeɓe mum, woni hankadi warkoyeeɓe mbellitii sibu alaa fof ko faddii ɗum en.
Wonande Tutsi en, warngo leñol ngol fuɗɗii ko nde yoga e maɓɓe ndogi leydi ndii, uuji feewde leyɗe catiiɗe, ko gila e warngooji Tutsi en hakkunde 1959 e 6 abriil 1994.
Iwdi ceerungal hakkunde Hutu en e Tutsi en, warngooji gadani
Koloñaal en pecci renndo Ruwannda aadoraango ko e pecce tati fawaade e golle mum en, kono kadi jaggiraaɓe no njiydaa iwdi leñol :
– Tutsi en ko aynaaɓe. Ina e maɓɓe alɗuɓe, jom jawdi ndariindi keewndi (cefe jawdi);
– Hutu en ko remooɓe ;
– Twa en, ko fitiramgolleeɓe e ubriyeeji.
Beljiknaaɓe heɓtunooɓe njiimaandi leydi ndii caggal nde Almaañ ɓolaa njiimaandi mum nder Afrik caggal wolde winndereere adannde, ko noon kam en njiyri renndo ngoo, kono, ɓe ndesndi ngardiigu leydi ndii ko Tutsi en, hay to hirnaange rewo leydi ndii, gonnooɗo e les laamaandi remooɓe Hutu en, hay so tawii noon ko aynaaɓe Tutsi en ɓurnoo laamaade ko heddii e leydi ndii.
Ɗuum addani Tutsi en janngude e adaade laamaade ; Hutu en e Twa en toppitii golle ɓurɗe famɗude. E hitaande 1931 koloñaal Beljik sosi dokimaa keɓtinirɗo yimɓe leydi ndii, kollitoowo hol leñol neɗɗo kala jeyaa, so Tutsi, walla Hutu walla Twaa.
Tuggi kitaale 1950, seernaaɓe kerecee en (katolik en e protestaa en) puɗɗii udditde e leydi hee ekkolaaji wonande sukaaɓe fof, hono no ɓe mbaɗnoo to Konngo nii, Hutu en e Tutsi en fof mbaɗti hebleede ngam wonde seernaaɓe (prêtre). Ko ɗoon ɓe puɗɗii naatnude potal e wuuranaade Hutu en. Ko e oon sahaa Tutsi en puɗɗii daranaade hujjaaji ndimaagu e jeytaare leydi, kiisetenooɗi njeyaa ko e marucaagu (kominism) e sahaa « wolde ɓuuɓnde » (guerre froide). Ko ndeen jiimooɓe miijii wonde tuugaade e Hutu en ɓuri newaade e moƴƴude e nafooje maɓɓe. Nii woni e kitaale 1959, kaayit dentitee keɓtinirɗo leñol kam e miijo wonde Tutsi en njeyaaka ɗoon, kuutoraama no feewi ngam joñde ɓe e dallinde mumtugol maɓɓe e leydi hee. Ko ɗuum kadi fuɗɗi ngañgu hakkunde Hutu en e Tutsi en. Hutu en cosi parti mum en politik e hitaande 1959, hono Parmehutu daraniiɗo ɓamtaare Hutu en. Tutsi en mbaɗti raddeede, ine mbaree, sahaa e sahaa fof ɓe mboomee (mbardee keewal tawa ko sawru gummɗo), galleeji nduppee. Nii woni heewɓe e maɓɓe uuji feewde Uganndaa, Burunndi e Konngo Kinsaasa.
E kitaale 1960, e cili keewɗi, Tutsi en etiima artirde doole e leydi mum en, kono laamu Ruwannda ina riiwta ɓe, ruttoo wona e boomde heddinooɓe e maɓɓe e leydi hee, yeru warngo mawngo Tutsi en e desaambar 1963. Hakkunde 8 000 e 12 000 neɗɗo, gila e worɓe haa e rewɓe e sukaaɓe mbaraa. Jaaynde Le Monde wiyi ko mumto-leñol (génocide), Rajo Watikaa (Vatican) wiyi ko « mumto-leñol bonngo ngo hono mum meeɗaa yiyeede gila e mumto-leñoll yahuud en ». E hitaande 1972, konu Burunndi (ɗo Tutsi en ɓuri heewde) boomi Hutu en jeyaaɓe e leydi mum. E wiyde Hutu en, warngo ngoo waɗii fotde 200 000 maayɗo. E hitaande 1973, laamu Ruwannda etiima tiiɗtinde ngootaagu mum ngam hanndaade Tutsi en : elewaaji e jannginooɓe Tutsi en fof ndiiwaa e ekkolaaji leydi ndii. Warngooji mbaɗaa ko e nder ekkolaaji, refti heen ko wempeƴere uujo Tutsi en woɗnde feewde caggal leydi. E sulyee 1973 Juwenal Habiyarimana waɗi kuudetaa heɓti laamu, ardi yanɗinde e ƴamde leyɗe Orop haa teeŋti e Farayse, mo o waɗdoyta nanondiral to bannge konu ngam heblande mo sanndarmeeɓe leydi ndii. O ɓeydi geɗal Tutsi en ndokketenoo e njuɓɓudi laamu hee, omdafeer Tutsi en ɓeydii welliteede nde tawnoo laamu nguu ina sokli ɓe. Kono ɗuum haɗaani Tutsi en jokkude e wareede sahaa e sahaa fof, tawi alaa ko rontinta so wonaa jam. Ɗumɗoo semmbinii dagnugol warngo Tutsi en e gite yimɓe ɓee.
Ko ɓuri heewde e wiɗtuɓe geɗe ɗee, ina kawri wonde waɗi ngoo mumto-leñol yaawde ko sabu majjum naatneede e hakkillaaji yimɓe ɓee duuɓi keewɗi ko adii kewu nguu, ko leydi ndii (walla laamu leydi ndii) heblanaade ɗum ko adii. Sibu warngooji jaajɗi keewɗi mbaɗaama e leydi hee e hitaande 1959 (warngo Tutsi en), e hakkunde 1991 e 1992 (wolde ɓesngu nder leydi ndii). Duuɓi kadi ko adii 1994 jaayɗe ina mbaɗa jeeyngal bonngal bonnitoowal Tutsi en, haa teeŋti noon e rajo biyeteeɗo RTLM lollirɗo « rajo Miil Kolin » walla « Rajo Jaasi ». Nde Farayse neldi toon konu e dow wagginoore F.NG.D. (F.NG.D.) ngam reende siwil en to hirnaange worgo Ruwannda, oon rajo eggi fayi toon, jokki e siimtinde toon joddi mum bonɗi ɗii.
Darnde jaayɗe
Daartooɓe e jaaynooɓe heewɓe ina kawri wonde feere momtude leñol Tutsi en ko ƴettaanoonde ko ɓooyi, kono siyni nde ko yimɓe taarinooɓe persidaa Juwenal Abiyarimana, sosnooɓe ko yaaccii guwarnama e mudda caggal nde o maayi e abiyoŋ. E miijo ɓeen fof, « jaayɗe momto-leñol » ɗe nganndu-ɗaa ngonnoo ko e juuɗe Utu en seɓɓitiiɓe, ina teeŋti no feewi e ciynugol oo warhoore leñol. Ciimtol goomu parlemaa Belsik kam e lappol parlemaa Farayse kam e ciimti Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (F.NG.D.), ina kawri e ɗuum kam en fof.
Pelle daraniiɗe jojjanɗe aadee lolluɗe ina njenanaa musiiba oo ko keblaaɗo. Duttorɗe galle laamorɗo Farayse peeñninii wonde laamu Farayse ina habretenoo ko jokkondiri, hakkunde 1990 e 1994, wonde warngo Tutsi en yaajngo ina waawi waɗde, kam e anniya mo ardiiɓe konu Ruwannda njogii yiɗde momtude Tutsi en. Tuggi 1990, nde FPR fuɗɗitii haɓde e konu leydi ndii, ngonka Tutsi en nder leydi ɓeydii faaynude, haa ammbasadeer Farayse to Kigali oon sahaa (kolonel Galiñee) wiyi wonde so FPR keɓtii fuɗnaange-rewo leydi ndii, ina hulaa no feewi addande Hutu en warde 500 000 haa 700 000 Tutsi en wonɓe nder leydi ndii. Seneraal Varret (Faraysenaajo) haalanii depiteeji Farayse wonde, e hitaande 1990, nanii gardiiɗo sanndarmori Ruwannda ina wiya e Tutsi en : « Aɓe keewi haa ɓurti, maa min mumtu ɓe».
Jeeyngal jaltintenoongal e jaayɗe e raajo RTLM ina teeŋti e keblugol hakkillaaji e ballitgol mumtugol ngol. Ngol tuugii ko e miijooji ɗi koloñaal naatni e hakkillaji yimɓe ɓee, janngintenooɗi haa nder ekkolaaji, wonde Hutu en Tutsi en njiidaa leñol. Jeeyngal ngal ina kollira Tutsi en no yimɓe arɓe nii, ɓe njeyaaka e leydi hee nii. Angal hollita wonde Tutsi en wonɓe nder leydi ɓee e wonɓe caggal leydi ɓee fof ko gootum, ko yimɓe FPR, wonde Tutsi en corii e nder njuɓɓudi laamu nguu e faggudu nduu. Anniya jeeyngal ngal ko yiɗde renndinde Hutu en e tamannde wootere, tawa ina etoo faamninde wonde ɓurondiral gonngal hakkunde Hutu en wonɓe worgo leydi ɓee, e Hutu en wonɓe rewo leydi ɓee (ɗo hooreejo leydi ndeen oo jeyaa ɗoo), saabii ɗum ko Tutsi en. Kala Hutu en resondirooɓe e Tutsi en, walla ɓe kaɓaaki ɗum en, walla julondirooɓe e mum en, ko janfankooɓe. Angal hollita wonde FPR yiɗi ko artirde njiimaandi e jiyɗinde Hutu en, walla mumtude ɗum en, tee denndaangal Tutsi en wonɓe e diiwaan hee (Ruwannda, Uganndaa, Burunndi, Konngo…) ko waɗduɓe maalde ngam sosde dowla Tutsi en…
Daartoowo biyeteeɗo Bernard Lugan, ceedtonooɗo e ñaawooje mumti-leñol en ɓee, winndii e deftere mum daartol Ruwannda, wonde mumtugol leñol Tutsi en ngol ko huunde « fewjaande, heblanaande, yuɓɓinaande ko ɓooyi ». Ñaawoore leydi Farayse jaɓii mumtugol leñol ngol ko huunde heblaande.
Bookara Aamadu Bah
