Saɗere jeyi-leydi yerɓinii ngootaagu ngenndi nder teeruuji, kono kadi hay nder dowri nde jom jawɗeele en ummorii Golfo ngam soodde leyɗeele daande maayo. Ɗee caɗeele hannde ina njiynii sanne nder leyɗeele waalo jiimɗe he maayo mawngo, Maayo Fuuta (Maayo Senegaal). Ɗuum ina teskaa teeŋti he diiwaanuuji Barakna e Tararsa e Gorgol e Gidimaka, ɗoon ɗo hoore-jawdiyankooɓe Aarabeeɓe Golfo njotondirta e teefankooɓe leyɗeele Muritaninaaɓe, mballa ɗum en haa kuuroo he kolaaɗe ɗe ɓe njeyaa, ɗe laamu jeyaa.
Ko ɗum addani Yahfusu wul Yuusuf, hooreejo Ñaawirde Toownde wiyde « luure jowitiiɗe he jeyi-leydi ko 38% geɗe jettinaaɗe Ñaawirdu nduu he ndee hitaande 2019 ». O haalnoo ɗum ko he lulnde yowitiinde « ndeenka jeyi-leydi », e tawtoregol hoohooɓe toowɓe njuɓɓudi-laamu, gila e ñaawooɓe haa heɓi wiɗtooɓe renndiyankaagu e haralleeɓe yuɓɓo jeyi leydi.
Fayndaare lulnde ndee wonnoo ko « yiytude ñawanɗe njuɓɓudi jeyi-leydi nder Muritani, hollirde caɗeele kaɗooje e batte mum kese carɗinooje ƴellitaare, kam e yaltinde calɗi mbayliigu kesiri ngal njuɓɓudi jeyi-leydi ».
Ñalnde fof daande maayo ina hawra e caɗeele jeyi-leydi ɗe batte mum limotaako. Ina heen golle njuɓɓudi-laamu nokkuuri e ñaawirɗi (Ardiiɓe Tunɗi), pale ƴellitaare ndema, kaɗooje eɓɓooji ndema mawɗi, yerɓina kadi jotondiral renndo e leƴƴi. Ndeke noon ina moƴƴa nde peeje kese to bannge ñaawooje cakkee mbele ina wallita jotondiral leƴƴi moƴƴal, wallita faggudu ndema haa leyɗeele waalo tawtoree tigi-rigi ƴellitaare.
Ko ɗee geɗe fof ngaddani laamu ummanaade baylugol jeyi-leydi nder Muritani, kono anndaaka tawo hol laabi deweteeɗi haa ɗum laatoo, ɗoon ɗo jom-leydi en tawtoraaka ɗii eɓɓooji. Gila he hitaande 1983, he laamagol Mohamed Khuuna Haydalla, laamu ƴettii Yamiroore sarɗinnde jeyi-leydi nder Muritani, gila he teeru haa he dowri.
Ciftinen, laawol gadanol he ɗuum ko gila 1960. Ko caggal ɗuum laamu koninkooɓe ƴetti Yamiroore nde Toŋ 83.127 du 5 suwee 1983 fawiinde he yuɓɓitinde jeyi-leydi. Ina gasa tawa ndee Yamiroore ko ɓamtoore, kono tabitino mayre rewaani laawol.
Hono Mammadu Saar no FONADH wiyri, « ndee yamiroore ari ellee ko sahaa yiɗde tabitinde miijo Goomu Koninkooɓe ngam haɓde he macungaagu nder kitaale 1981. Yiɗanoo ko nde ɗofta ɗaɓɓere ‘’jiyaaɓe’’ haa ndaña leyɗeele ɗe ndemi. Ndee fayndaare ina waawi jaggireede ko ƴellitiinde ».
Yamiroore ndee waɗi leydi fof jeyi laamu, kala muritaninaajo ina waawi ɗum totteede so tawii omo waawi ɗum gollaade (ƴeewee fulo Yamiroore nde).
Njuɓɓudi-laamu taƴi hol waawɓe rokkude leyɗeele fawaade he wertaango leydi ndi. ardiiɓe tunndu (haakem) ina mbaawi rokkude haa hektaruuji 10 ; hakkunde hektaruuji 10 haa hektaruuji 30, ko gardiiɗo diiwaan waawi rokkude ; hakkunde hektaruuji 30 haa hektaruuji 100, ko jaggal laamu kalfinaangal ngalu rokkata ; so diwii hektaaruuji 100, ko maa diiso jagge laamu tawee.
Hooreejo FONADH jokki wiyi « ndee yamiroore siynaa ko he jilɓere e belanteeje jaɓɓuɗe doosɗe mayre. Teskaama teettere gese jeyaaɗe, donaaɗe, kappaaɗe tottee hoore-jawdiyankooɓe hay ɓe njeyaaka he leydi Muritani, ɗum fof ko huutoraade yiɗde ƴellitaare ndema… » he wiyde ƴettuɓe Yamiroore ndee.
Ina teskaa noon nguu mbayliigu jeyi-leydi siynaa tan ko he diiwanuuji takkiiɗi maayo (Tarasa, Barakna, Gorgol e Gidimaka). Yahaani dow nder gese tamarooje. Wonaa meere. Fayndaare ndee ko fawde junngo he gese ɓaleeɓe (Jolfuɓe e Soninkooɓe e Fulɓe e Hardaneeɓe). Ɗum rokki julaaɓe ɓadiiɓe laamu haa ngonti jom-leydi en e ballal ardiiɓe njuɓɓudi-laamu nder nokkuuji ɗi.
Ko ngam faamde ɗum addani laamu nguu ummanaade mbyliigu jeyi leydi. Diiso jagge laamu sosi goomu jagge e goomu haralleeɓe majjum. Hono no FONADH haaldi, alaa e sago pelle jaambureeje (ONGs) e jom-leydi en, e remooɓe tawtoree nguu mbayliigu. So wonaa ɗuum ngu wonata ko bannginteewu. Ko ardii fof «…dokke puɗɗaaɗe ɗee yo ndartine fotde duuɓi 5 mbele nebbiso ina waɗee, jom leydi en ndokkee fotde mum en. Ko ndeen tan mbayliigu jeyi-leydi waawi jolde ».
Mbele maa laamu nguu nan ɗum ? Sikkaaka. Ko he lewru ut 2020 hee, dille njoli kolongal Karawal Wullu Njaay. Kolongal ngal yeeyanoo ko he yonta Asiis, Ghaswani roni ɗum. Ina jeyaa noon he jeloode Asiis yeeyde leyɗeele janane, hay ɗe Dowla ɗee, hono no duɗe e jehe njeeyraa nder gure teeru nii, haa arti he Nuwaasoot e Nuwaadibu. Ko ina ɓura duuɓi 10, Asiis seeraani he yeeyde leyɗeele daande-maayo. Yimɓe fof ina kaawaa hannde, no Ghaswaani darortoo tan deƴƴa, walla yamira yo koninkooɓe nelde toon ngam jaalɗinde teettere leyɗeele waalo.
Pooɗondiral leyɗeele waalo ñawnat ngootaagu leƴƴi
Caɗeele jolɗe nder leyɗeele waalo daande-maayo mballitta ko daraniiɓe ceerundal leƴƴi Muritani. Ɗuum fuɗɗii ko gila nde hoore-jawdiyankooɓe ummoriiɓe Golfo naatani teettude leyɗeele waalo Fuuta, rewrude e ardiiɓe tunnduuji, e sanndarmori… tawa fof ko safalɓe, nde wonnoo ko ɓuri heewde e jom leyɗeele en ɓee ko Haalpulaar en e Hardaneeɓe e Soninkooɓe e Jolfuɓe. Ko ɗuum addani yimɓe ɓee wiyde ɗu “ jibinta ko ceerndural leƴƴi, ɓaleeɓe bannge, safalɓe bannge keddiiɗo o”.
Leyɗe waalo daande maayo ko jeyal joowe
Kawtal pelle daraniiɗe hakkeeji aadee (FONADH) aybinii teettere leyɗe waalo daande maayo. Ɓe njaltinii bayyinaango gila he lewru oktoobara 2016, ɓe deentinii « kaa ngonka… ka hay gooto anndaa ɗo haaɗata, sibu jom-leyɗeele en ko fellitɓe daɗndude leyɗe mum en, potndi heen hay maayde, sibu ko ɗum woni nguurndam mum en, hay sinno boneeli fof pawaama he maɓɓe ».
Leyɗe waalo daande maayo nanndaani he gese jeeri, ko ɗe jeyaaɗe. Pulaar ina wiya “so a yiɗii warde Haalpulaar, happo ngesa makko”. Gese ɗee no ngoorunoo ko donaaɗe. Ko taaniraaɓe e njaatiraaɓe lewi, ndonni ɓesnguuji mum en. Ko galle fof, maa hinnde fof, maa leñol fof renndi. Hay gooto waawaa ɗe yeeyde maa rokkude. Ko ɗe denndal joowre ngal feccotaako. Kono he kitaale 1983, laamu ƴettii Yamiroore hesere ngam waɗtude leyɗeele waalo jeyi dowla fof. Sinno ko ganndal no ɗe keɓiraa, maa wood ko waɗaaka. Jom leyɗe en ko dariiɓe ngam salaade gese mum teettee.
Hooreejo leydi jaltuɗo oo, wul Abdel Asiis, huurinooma dow gese waalo tunndu Teekaan, hakkunde mum e Gaani. O larti ɗoon ko ina ɓura hektaruuji 500, o addi kaɓirɗe makko : samba-taliiji, “giriyajuuji”, … e soldateeɓe. Leyɗeele Oolo-oolaaga e Daarel Barka e goɗɗe njeyaa aarabeeɓe ummiiɓe Golfo, hono no o yeeyiri duuɗe Tidiraa nih. Ko noon kadi wonande gese Laaw, Haayre-Golleere e gure takkiiɗe ɗum.
Dawrugol teettugol leyɗe janane
Gila kitaale 2010, dawrugol ndema laamu ko dawrugol teettere leyɗe waalo.
He ndee hitaande 2010, fedde ngaluure Arabiya Sawdiya rokkaa (walla soodi) 50 500 ha to kolangal Karawal Wullu Njaay, saraaji Oolo-Oolooga, e Daarel Bara nder tunndu Ɓoggee.
He 2013, fedde Sawdiya woɗnde ina wiyee Al-Rajihi, yeeyaa kam ne 50 000 ha to diiwaan Donnaay. Hay baamuule wuro ngoo mbaɗtaa gese, waɗti Donnaaynaaɓe maa tacca mayo nde mbaawa ubbude maayɓe mum en.
He lewru Mbooy (marsa) 2015, fedde aarabeeɓe wiyeteende “Arabe Authority for Agriculture Investissement and Développement (AAAID)”, ɓurnde lollirde 3AID, yeeyaa maa rokkaa 3 200 ha nder tunndu Ɓoggee. Tinaaka tan haa yimɓe ngari ina ngaddi kaɓirɗe mum en ngam asde gammbi, feƴƴude leɗɗe e darnude keeri. Kono jom leyɗeele ngoppiraani ɗum noon. Ɓee ummii Oolo-oolooga e Daarel Barka e Afiya, ɓe ngari Nuwaasoot salaade gese maɓɓe ina teettee. Kono julaaɓe arɓe toon ɓee ko soodɓe leydi ndii, tee alaa jeeyɗo ɓe so wonaa Asiis. Arnooɓe remde kolongal kawri ɗoon he salaare yimɓe nokku oo, haa piyndiral waɗi hakkunde maɓɓe e jom leyɗeele en. Ɗum waɗnoo ko 23 marsa 2015. Ko ina tolnoo 9 200 demoowo nguuri ko he ɗee gese. Jeyi ɓee fof tottee neɗɗo gooto !
Hikka kadi he 2020, ɓe ngarti. Piyndiral waɗi kadi, woodi heen nih gaañiiɓe. Ndeke darnde laamu “ teetde leyɗeele waalo ko ko jokki, ko yiɗi fof yoo won ”. Nde ɓe ngari kolongal Karawal Wullu Njaay, ɓe tawi ko reemooɓe (Haalpulaar en e Hardaneeɓe, Daarel Barka e Regba 1 et 2, e Oolo-oolooga, e Donnaay)… ina ndarii ina padi ɓe. Joginoo konngol maɓɓe ko Abdurahmaan Lih. O wiyi ɓe « Ɗii 3 200 ha ittaaɗi he leyɗe amen, ko minen njeyi. Alaa fof ɗo fawii ko neɗɗo ina ummoo caggal leydi ara ina waɗa ɗoo ko welaa. Min njaɓataa ɗum. Alaa-e-sago min ndiisnee, min ndokka heen miijooji amen. Min ngoni ko he leydi amen… »… Ndeke hare ko ko jokki.
FONADH, he konngol hooreejo mum Mammadu Saar, ina seedtini addude ballal mum he darnde ɓesngu Daarel Barka e saraaji mum. Ko adii nde ndee eɓɓoore siynetee, alaa-e-sago wooda sarɗiyeeji dewaaɗi. Hono : « Alaa-e-sago kaayit ɗakkee ɗo « commune » ɗoo fotde balɗe 60 ngam ƴeewde so alaa biyoowo ko kañum jeyi leydi ndii. Ɗuum waɗaaka. Caggal ɗuum ine foti yuurnitaade so alaa batte ɗe moƴƴaani he ɓesngu nokku oo. Ɗuum kadi waɗaaka. Daawal battanal ngal, ko sosde goomu nder tunndu nduu, tawa « meeruuji » ɗii ina njeyaa heen. Ɗum kadi waɗaaka ».
Holi ndee fedde wiyeteende AAAID (3AID)
AAAID firti ko “Arab Authority for Agriculture Investment and Development”, (woni Mbaawka Arabeeɓe ngam jolnude ceede haa ndema ɓamtoo). Fedde ndee sosaa ko e hitaande 1976 to Khartum (Suudaan). Faandaare mayre ko wallitde newaare nguura wonande leyɗeele aarabeeɓe. Hoore-jawdi mayre ko miliyaar e teemedere miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik oo ($ 1 100 000 000), woni hedde 330 milyaar ugiyya ɓooyɗo oo. Ko piye leyɗeele Aarabeeɓe noogaas e go’o ngaddi oo kaalis fof. Fedde ndee ina rewindii 50 eɓɓoore ndema. Woni hooreejo fedde ndee hannde ko Mohammed Bin Obaid Al Mazrooei, mo Sawudiya.
Aamadu Malal Gey
